CdSe/CdS-Quantum-dots-quantum-rods (QDQRs) with an aspect ratio of ∼ 6 are prepared via the seeded growth method, encapsulated within a shell of crosslinked poly(isoprene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PI-b-PEG) diblock copolymer, and transferred from the organic phase into aqueous media. Their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 78% is not compromised by the phase transfer. Within a period of two months the PLQY of QDQRs in aqueous solution at neutral pH decreases only slightly (to ∼ 65%). The two-photon (TP) action cross sections of QDQRs (∼ 10(5) GM) are two orders of magnitude higher than those of CdSe/CdS/ZnS-core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs, ∼ 10(3) GM) with comparable diameter (∼ 5 nm). After applying PI-b-PEG encapsulated QDQRs onto the small intestinal mucosa of mice in vivo, their strong red fluorescence can easily be observed by two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) and clearly distinguished from autofluorescent background. Our results demonstrate that PI-b-PEG encapsulated CdSe/CdS-QDQRs are excellent probes for studying the uptake and fate of nanoparticles by two-photon imaging techniques in vivo.
Using the closed F g → F e = F g +1 D2 line transition of Rb atoms, we report experimental and numerical evidence of influence of additional transverse magnetic field when examining electromagnetically induced absorption ͑EIA͒ in the Hanle configuration. The effect was analyzed with two directions of additional magnetic field and in the cases of excitation with linear, elliptical, and circular laser light polarization. The transverse magnetic field brings substantial differences in the resonance line shape, amplitude, and width. Our theoretical model includes Doppler broadening. Numerical solutions of our theoretical model are in good agreement with experimental results. This analysis points out the importance of the presence of stray magnetic fields when studying EIA.
In this paper, we present a theoretical model for studying the interaction between linearly polarized laser light and near-degenerated Zeeman sublevels for a multiple V-type atomic system of 2 S 1/2 F g =2→ 2 P 3/2 F e = 3 transition in 87 Rb. We have calculated the laser absorption in a Hanle configuration, as well as the amplitudes and the widths of electromagnetically induced absorption ͑EIA͒ in the range of laser intensities from 0.01 to 40 mW/ cm 2 . Our results, showing nonvanishing EIA amplitude, a nonmonotonic increase of the EIA width for the increase of laser intensity, and pronounced shape differences of the Hanle EIA curves at different laser intensities, are in good agreement with recent experimental results. We have found that the EIA behaves differently than the electromagnetically induced transparency ͑EIT͒ as a function of the laser intensity. Both the amplitude and width of the EIA have narrow maximums at 1 to 2 mW/ cm 2 . We have shown the strong influence of Doppler broadening of atomic transition on Hanle resonances and have suggested the explanation of it.
Existing data from clinical trials justify further research of the role of olanzapine in the prevention of CINV. Olanzapine may be used instead of or in addition to NK1RA in the preventive antiemetic regimens. Olanzapine-containing preventive regimens may provide better nausea control after chemotherapy. When used instead of NK1RA it may also provide substantial reduction in costs of CINV prevention. In patients with advanced cancer, olanzapine was effective against a cluster of gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and anorexia). The use of olanzapine as an antiemetic for CINV, or to relieve nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in palliative care is currently off-label.
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that occur due to the imbalance between microbial communities in the oral cavity and the immune response of the host that lead to destruction of tooth supporting structures and finally to alveolar bone loss. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin with important roles in numerous biological processes. By direct binding to microbes and modulation of their clearence, Galectin-3 can affect the composition of microbial community in the oral cavity. Galectin-3 also modulates the function of many immune cells in the gingiva and gingival sulcus and thus can affect immune homeostasis. Few clinical studies demonstrated increased expression of Galectin-3 in different forms of periodontal diseases. Therefore, the objective of this mini review is to discuss the possible effects of Galectin-3 on the process of immune homeostasis and the balance between oral microbial community and host response and to provide insights into the potential therapeutic targeting of Gal-3 in periodontal disease.
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