Natural hazards, floods especially nowadays stand as the most frequent one posing huge damages to urban environment and urban communities. The need to reshape existing urban systems and make them able to accept a certain level of disturbance becomes important. Knowing that urban systems have dynamic characteristic and that the changes are visible on daily level regarding new technologies brings a different light to evaluation of flood vulnerability and flood resilience. New trends and more sophisticated assets are not designed to accept disturbance of natural hazards, at least not all of them. This puts evaluation of flood resilience and flood vulnerability as one of focal factors in process of reshaping build environment, reducing vulnerability, preparing urban communities to accept flooding and to create flood friendly environment. Introduction of a new concept to stakeholders stand as a challenge for flood professionals. A developed tool enables evaluation of flood resilience index for whole urban system. Beside the build environment, stakeholders need education and organization. Proposed presentation enables better communication with the key stakeholders. This paper focuses on analysis of urban systems in Europe and in Asia. The method is a research outcome obtained within projects CORFU and PEARL (www.corfu7.eu; http://www.pearl-fp7.eu/). The research focuses also on examination of present flood management strategies and their effectiveness in decreasing flood damage and evaluation of flood resilience.
To better understand the impacts of flooding such that authorities can plan for adapting measures to cope with future scenarios, we have developed a modified Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework to allow policy makers to evaluate strategies for improving flood resilience in cities. We showed that this framework proved an effective approach to assessing and improving urban flood resilience, albeit with some limitations. This framework has difficulties in capturing all the important relationships in cities, especially with regards to feedbacks. There is therefore a need to develop improved techniques for understanding components and their relationships. While this research showed that risk assessment is possible even at the mega-city scale, new techniques will support advances in this field. Finally, a chain of models engenders uncertainties. However, the resilience approach promoted in this research, is an effective manner to work with uncertainty by providing the capacity to cope and respond to multiple scenarios.
aBstract. -Floods in asia represent the first natural hazard. During the last five years, major events have affected more than 600 millions in asian countries and constitute one of the main obstacles to the economic and social developments. In order to address part of the flooding challenge, the use of Ict can be promoted according to the type of flooding and local situation of It environment. In a very classical approach like the scaDa systems, most of the decision making process takes place after a centralization of data and some simulations produced by one or several models. In such case, the reaction time requests at least several tens of minutes which are already longer than the flooding process that may append in less than 10 minutes after the start of the rain. the ubiFLOOD project deals with implementation of ubiquitous computing in flood warning and forecasting systems in different asian background and the aim of the ubiFLOOD project is to implement ubiquitous solutions in the existing flood warning and forecasting systems. as an outcome, the framework will be developed with the main purpose to alert the population regarding flood alert. since ubiquitous computing in flood warning systems is not widely applied in asia, the new proposed solution within the framework should result in better operational organization and management of warning systems.Key words : Flood warning systems, flood forecasting, scaDa, Ict, ubiquitous computing, sensors, distributed approach. Systemes d'annonce de crue et informatique ubiquitairerÉsuMÉ. -en asie, les inondations représentent les premières des catastrophes naturelles. au cours des cinq dernières annèes, les évènements majeurs ont affectésplus de 600 millions de personnes dans les pays asiatiques et constituent l'un des principaux obstacles l'évolution économique et sociale. afin de répondre à une partie du défi des inondations, l'utilisation des technologies de l'Information et de la communication et en particulier celles relatives à l'approche ubiquitaire peut être promue en fonction du type d'inondation et de la situation de l'équipement informatique dédié à l'annonce de crue. Dans une approche classique comme dans les systêmes scaDa, la plupart des processus de décision interviennent après une centralisation des données et des simulations produites par un ou plusieurs modéles. Dans ce cas, les temps de réaction demandent au moins plusieurs dizaines de minutes et sont donc bien supérieures à la dynamique des écoulement qui peuvent se développer en moins de 10 minutes après le début des précipitations. Le projet ubiFLOOD repose sur la mise en oeuvre de l'informatique ubiquitaire pour l'alerte et la prévision des inondations dans plusieurs environnements urbains asiatiques. Le but de ce projet est de mettre en oeuvre des solutions ubiquitaires pour les systèmes d'alerte et de prévisions. Le système, basé sur la nouvelle génération de capteurs communiquants et ubiquitaires, a pour objectif principal la mise en place d'une communication rapide à destination des personn...
While flood risk is evolving as one of the most imminent natural hazards and the shift from a reactive decision environment to a proactive one sets the basis of the latest thinking in flood management, the need to equip decision makers with necessary tools to think about and intelligently select options and strategies for flood management is becoming ever more pressing. Within this context, the Preparing for Extreme and Rare Events in Coastal Regions (PEARL) intelligent knowledge-base (PEARL KB) of resilience strategies is presented here as an environment that allows end-users to navigate from their observed problem to a selection of possible options and interventions worth considering within an intuitive visual web interface assisting advanced interactivity. Incorporation of real case studies within the PEARL KB enables the extraction of (evidence-based) lessons from all over the word, while the KB's collection of methods and tools directly supports the optimal selection of suitable interventions. The Knowledge-Base also gives access to the PEARL KB Flood Resilience Index (FRI) tool, which is an online tool for resilience assessment at a city level available to authorities and citizens. We argue that the PEARL KB equips authorities with tangible and operational tools that can improve strategic and operational flood risk management by assessing and eventually increasing resilience, while building towards the strengthening of risk governance. The online tools that the PEARL KB gives access to were demonstrated and tested in the city of Rethymno, Greece.
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