<p>En el presente trabajo se caracterizó el bosque homogéneo de palmeras en el distrito de Molinopampa, ya que esta área es representativa de este tipo de bosques, los cuales se ven afectados por actividades agropecuarias. En se sentido, se cuantificaron e identificaron las especies de palmeras de este bosque de palmera, así como la distribución en el área de estudio, encontrándose que, en un área de aproximadamente 5000 hectáreas solo se presentan cuatro especies del genero <em>Ceroxylon</em>, las cuales son<em> Ceroxylon peruvianum, Ceroxylon quidiuense, Ceroxylon vogelianum y Ceroxylon parvifrons. </em>De todas, la que tiene mejor distribución y frecuencia, al encontrarse en todos los puntos de muestro, fue <em>C. quindiuense, </em>misma que representa el 73% del total de individuos muestreados. Las demás especies no son muy representativas y solo se han encontraron en un punto de muestreo. Esta baja diversidad de especies encontrada se debe a la interacción del bosque de palmeras con actividades antrópicas como la agricultura y la ganadería.</p>

Pineapple is a crop of great importance for the economic stability of a large number of Peruvians; however, in areas experiencing low degrees of technological intervention, farmers generally adopt low planting densities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three plantation densities (35700, 47600, and 55500 plants ha−1) on the agronomic performance and fruit quality of three pineapple cultivars (“Golden,” “Smooth Cayenne,” and “Santa Rosa” ecotype). The experiment was performed under a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test ( p < 0.05 ). The results show significant differences in terms of plant height and D-leaf length, with “Golden” being the cultivar that achieved the best performance at the three planting densities. The diameter (11.77–13.29 cm) and weight of the fruit without a crown (1.48–1.85 kg) were not affected by the treatments; in contrast, the length and weight of the fruit with a crown did exhibit significant variations, highlighting the “Smooth Cayenne” cultivar and “Santa Rosa” ecotype at a density of 55500 plants ha−1, respectively. The highest estimated yield (>100 t ha−1) for the three pineapple cultivars was recorded at a density of 55500 plants ha−1. The content of total soluble solids was higher in the “Golden” cultivar, but in general, all the fruits exceeded the established standards. Based on the results, it is recommended that farmers in the area and those with similar conditions establish a planting density of 55500 plants ha−1 because it improves the yield without damaging the quality of the fruit of the pineapple cultivars evaluated.

No abstract

<p>El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el impacto del vertimiento de las aguas mieles sobre la calidad de los cuerpos de agua, específicamente en la quebrada El Mito, por lo que se consideró la evaluación de los parámetros fisicoquímicos: pH, temperatura (T°), conductividad eléctrica (CE), oxígeno disuelto (OD), demanda bioquímica de oxigeno (DBO5), demanda química de oxigeno (DQO) y dureza (D) fueron analizadas en laboratorio. Durante la investigación se establecieron tres épocas de muestreo comprendidas entre los meses de setiembre y noviembre de 2017. Inicialmente se instalaron cuatro estaciones de muestreo, las cuales fueron ubicadas tomando como referencia tres puntos de vertimiento de aguas mieles. Los resultados obtenidos fueron comparados con los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) para Agua, asimismo se sometieron a un análisis de varianza, el cual muestra la existencia de diferencias significativas (P &lt; 0,01) entre épocas de muestreo, sin embargo, entre las estaciones de muestreo no se presentaron diferencias estadísticas. En líneas generales, la mejor calidad del agua se registró en la primera estación de muestreo, lo cual refleja que en las estaciones posteriores existe un efecto acumulativo por el vertimiento de aguas mieles.</p>

No abstract

The presence of toxic metals such as aluminum is described as a factor that could lead to a significant decrease in crop productivity, particularly for the cultivation of acidophilic plants. In the present study, in vitro cultivation of pineapple was used as a model to evaluate the role of silver nanoparticles (0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 g L−1 Ag NPs) against the negative effects of aluminum (0, 100, 300, and 500 μM AlCl3). The results showed that the presence of 0.025 g L−1 Ag NPs stimulated a higher concentration of photosynthetic pigments “a”, “b”, “a + b” and carotenoids in treatments with high levels of AlCl3. The application of Ag NPs allowed better shoot formation, improved chlorophyll a/b, and total/carotenoid ratios, as well as better levels of proline biosynthesis in response to stress. The synergistic interaction of Ag NPs and AlCl3 increased the availability and assimilation of mineral elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) while decreasing Al translocation. In conclusion, the implementation and validation of Ag NPs in agricultural fields would be revolutionary because they represent a novel alternative for overcoming the limitations imposed by the presence of Al.

Lilies are one of the most important, beautiful, and economically valuable flowers in the world. Lilium is regarded as a popular floral trade cut flower, so viable protocols are needed to provide seed production, multiplication, and preservation. In vitro protocols allow for rapid large-scale production and rejuvenation of planting material, but to be a commercially viable multiplication method, the procedure must allow for rapid production of viable, true-to-type plants quickly. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro production of microbulbs of five lily varieties (Lilium “Champion Diamond,” Lilium “Yellow Diamond,” Lilium “Batavus,” Lilium “Hyde Park,” and Lilium sp.) using different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L−1 BAP) and to determine the commercial quality (flowering) of the plants grown from the seed obtained. Results from the micropropagation phase show Lilium “Batavus” and Lilium “Hyde Park” varieties had better in vitro responses, especially when grown with 1.0 and 1.5 mg L−1 BAP, respectively. Plants (of all varieties) grown from microbulbs showed positive growth and generally resulted in commercially viable flower production. Finally, the results of this study support the use of bulb scales as an alternative for obtaining vegetative seeds with high potential for lily cultivation.

BACKGROUND: Blueberry production has generated great commercial expectations, therefore for its agricultural expansion it is necessary to overcome the challenges at the time of mass propagation. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of a set of factors influencing micropropagation, as well as the influence of substrates on the ex vitro morpho-physiological performance of blueberry seedlings. METHODS: A set of protocols were developed to optimize all stages of micropropagation (aseptic establishment, multiplication, rooting, and acclimatization) of blueberries. RESULTS: Explants immersed in 1.5% NaClO for 8 min and then in 0.1% HgCl2 for 2 min achieved 100% sterility and a viability rate of 86.67% for ‘Biloxi’ and 93.33% for ‘Bluecrop’. At the multiplication stage, the maximum number of shoots of ‘Biloxi’ (3.53) and ‘Bluecrop’ (2.27) were obtained on the medium supplemented with 0.2 and 10 mg L–1 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), respectively. The percentage of in vitro rooting was significantly improved on media containing activated charcoal, with levels between 80% and 100% . In the acclimatization phase, plants grown in a substrate composed of peat and cocomix® (2:1 ratio) showed greater uniformity and better morpho-physiological behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The present results could be successfully used for large-scale commercial production of blueberries of the varieties ‘Biloxi’ and ‘Bluecrop’.