Background: Plasma kinins are known for decades but the understanding of them is not up-to the mark and the complexity is the reason. There are many drugs and trials undertaken with these as drug targets but only very few have been successfully marketed and used. Rest all others have resulted in failure during various phases of the trial. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to explain and explore the complexity of plasma kinins and explore the relations between Kinins, and analyze the failures in drug development with these receptors as targets. Implication: This extensive review might help in understanding the complexity and ensure the reduction of drug development failures in these molecules as drug targets Conclusion: Kinins have an important role in the homeostatic functions of the body physiologically. The pathophysiological roles in inflammation are also known. The complexity of these systems is well established.
The gaseous molecules produced endogenously with several physiological functions are called gasotransmitters. Even though initially, they were predominantly thought to be of neuronal origin, recent research has clarified that they have roles far beyond that. Their primary function is maintaining the integrity of the cardiovascular system and many other parts. From the available knowledge, we have just started to learn about their roles in physiological systems that could be translated to pharmacological drug development and therapeutics. Most of the process that remains in the form of preclinical research has to go a long way toward utilizing them in therapeutics. This review addresses the various levels at which they could be potentially exploited as therapeutics and their recent entry into clinical trials.
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