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The banana (Musa paradisiaca) exocarps have been a substantial source for maintaining human health and are the fast-growing herbaceous perennials arising from underground rhizomes. The ripe banana is useful in acidity. This study aimed to evaluate how the banana exocarps from ripe ones, can be made into vinegar. Also, to properly analyze the physicochemical properties (pH and color) and to determine the acetic acid content of the three selected varieties of banana exocarps if it conforms to the set standards. The most accessible in producing acidity is the Latundan (Musa acuminata musa balbisiana AAB Group), but all of the samples are accessible in producing acidity. In pH determination the highest in acidity is Lacatan (Musa acuminata C.) pH 4, while the Cardaba (Musa acuminata balbisiana ABB Group), is pH 3.5, and the lowest is the Latundan pH 3. All of the samples do not have pleasant odor, furthermore the samples well tested and undergo many stages of pasteurization. Thus, the study encourages further development of some spices and food additives and by application of new principles discovered, aside from extending the fermentation time.

Ferns (Pteridophyta) are free-sporing vascular plants with a unique life cycle with free-living gametophyte and sporophyte phases. The fern species has nearly 90% of the extant diversity, it was the first higher-level of pteridophyte classification in the world. This study aimed to assess and identify the different species composition and diversity variation of ferns found in the lower elevations at the primary forest in Barangay San Rafael, Prosperidad Agusan del Sur, Philippines. Moreover, the researchers were used the quadrat sampling method as one of the best and classic tools utilized in ecology especially determining the diversity of a specific sampling sites. Also, the study used Shannon’s diversity index method in determining the biological diversity of plant species particularly ferns (Pteridophyta). The total number of ferns that was primarily collected at Barangay San Rafael, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur are nine (9) species from 5 families. The researchers linked the gathered data of ferns (Pteridophyta) by calculating its diversity index of 1.864, were showed medium diversity because most likely the pteridophyte communities were similar in all transects. Thus, the study area has medium species diversity results in a more complex, stable, and productive ecosystem as could be observed in San Rafael Forest. The results show that the growth and distribution of ferns was inhibited significantly by the environment properties.

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In education, action research is significant. In order to address problems and concerns in the classroom, it enables teachers to figure out what went wrong and what may be done. A way to improve classroom instruction and have a bigger impact on students' overall development in public schools is to train teachers to do action research. This study examined how educational research is viewed in the context of public schools in order to assist teachers in upgrading and improving their skills. Using data from public secondary school teachers in the Division of Agusan del Sur, this study analyzes their motivation for writing, research skills and competence, and perceptions. This research project utilized quantitative research. Specifically, it employed a descriptive-correlational research design to evaluate secondary teachers' writing motivation, research skills, and competence, and perspectives on the parts, scope, and significance of action research. The sample size of the population was determined using Slovin's formula with a 0.05% margin of error. The study had been analyzed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The data gathered was treated using standard deviation and mean as statistical tools to interpret the teachers' responses. For a correlational analysis between research-writing competence and motivation in teachers' perceptions, the researcher used an alpha of 0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. The secondary teachers who took part in the study exhibited strong, significant motivation and competence in academic research writing. They place a lot of importance on improving their writing. Secondary teachers are capable of writing action research papers that consider the technical aspects, write an introduction, choose an appropriate methodology, present results, and discussions, come to conclusions, offer recommendations, summarize references, and take other research papers into consideration. The Department of Education should use extensive seminars and workshops on action research to give teachers more knowledge and a deeper understanding of how to conduct research.

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