All age groups had similar clinical presentations and outcomes. Ultrasound is a reliable and appropriate imaging modality for most patients. Surgery must effectively incorporate the tract and cyst to allow low recurrence rates (<2%). Clinically diagnosed thyroglossal tract remnant may, in fact, be other pathologies in 10 percent of cases. Nevertheless, our recommendation is a Sistrunk procedure for all midline neck lesions suspected to be a thyroglossal tract remnant.

Introduction: Osteoradionecrosis is one of many potentially severe complications of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Osteoradionecrosis of the skull base is life-threatening due to the critical proximity of the pathological process to vital structures, for example, the intracranial cavity, the upper spine, and major blood vessels. Reconstructive options following surgical debridement of the anterior skull base and upper spine osteonecrosis have been scarcely described in the literature. Case presentation and management: We present a rare case of osteoradionecrosis of the clivus and cervical vertebrae C1-C2 in a patient previously treated with chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, presenting as severe soft tissue infection of the neck. Aggressive surgical debridement and reconstruction with a two-paddle free anterolateral thigh flap was performed using a combination of transcervical and transnasal endoscopic approaches. A novel endoscopic procedure in the sphenoid sinus enabled flap anchoring in this complex area. Discussion: Surgical modalities for osteoradionecrosis of the skull base and upper spine are discussed and review of the literature is presented. Conclusion: Reconstruction of the anterior skull base with a well-vascularized free flap following ablative surgery should be considered in management of life-threatening osteoradionecrosis of the area. Endoscopic opening of the sphenoid sinus and creating a funnel-shaped stem is a newly described technique that guarantees precise placement of the flap and is a valuable adjunct to the reconstructive armamentarium.

Preservation of bilateral IIAs in repair of bilateral CIA aneurysms can be performed safely with excellent technical success and short-term patency rates using the Gore IBE device. Limb and branch occlusions are rare, usually are due to kinking, and can almost always be treated successfully with stenting.

Background: The ability of drugs to reduce noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been evaluated in diverse experimental conditions (animal species, noise intensities, durations, assessment techniques, etc), making it difficult to assess their relative efficacy. The present study was designed to provide more uniform comparisons and to allow to a better understanding of the mechanism of the NIHL. Methods: The drugs studied included furosemide (loop diuretic) and the antioxidants N Acetyl-L-Cysteine, vitamins A, C, E with the vasodilator magnesium. Mice were exposed to a continuous broadband noise (113 dB SPL for 3.5 hours) and the NIHL was assessed in all animals before noise exposure and 1 week after with auditory nerve brainstem evoked responses (ABR) to broadband clicks and to 8 kHz tone bursts.

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The updated 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines implementation was associated with a significant decrease in the rates of both up-front total thyroidectomy and completion thyroidectomy. According to these findings, only 1 of 5 patients who undergoes thyroid lobectomy will require a completion procedure.

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It appears that reversible hearing threshold elevation as a result of furosemide administration before noise exposure can reduce the TTS and PTS. This finding provides insight into the mechanism of noise-induced hearing loss.