There is a relative paucity of recent literature regarding the endoscopic treatment of USD. Laser endopyelotomy and balloon dilation are associated with good outcomes in treatment-naïve patients with short (< 2 cm), non-ischemic, benign ureteral strictures with a functional renal unit. If stricture recurs, repetitive dilation and laser endopyleotomy is not recommended, as success rates are low in this scenario. Patients with low-complexity ureteroenteric strictures and transplant strictures may benefit from endoscopic treatment options, although formal reconstruction offers higher rates of success. Formal ureteral reconstruction remains the gold-standard treatment for ureteral stricture disease as it is associated with higher rates of complete resolution. However, in carefully selected patients, endoscopic treatment modalities provide a low-cost, low-morbidity alternative.

Operational Andrology prescription opioid abuse. While surgeons and other subspecialists might not prescribe the most opioids, their ratio of opioid prescriptions to total prescriptions was the 2 nd highest of any field in medicine, second to only pain medicine. 3 Alam and colleagues found that patients who received an opioid prescription within 7 days of a same-day surgery procedure were 44% more likely to become long-term opioid users within 1 year compared to patients who did not receive a prescription. 4 In addition to patients receiving multiple narcotic refills, excess opioid prescribing continues to fuel elicit patient use. A recent investigation determined that an overwhelming majority of patients undergoing urologic surgery keep any prescribed excess opioid narcotics as opposed to appropriately disposing of any unused medications. 5 Opioid diversion for illicit use remains the major concern associated with opioid keeping. The responsibility of the prescriber to understand causes of postoperative pain and appropriately tailor a management strategy remains paramount.Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery is the gold standard for men with erectile dysfunction (ED) refractory to medical therapy. Surgery is now considered an equal line option to the management of ED to other conventional treatments such as inadequate response or intolerance of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, vacuum-assisted devices, intracavernosal injection therapy, or intraurethral suppository therapy. 6 Nevertheless, many patients remain apprehensive on choosing surgery for the management of ED given concerns over pain management. Levels of postoperative pain following IPP implantation are variable; however, patients often struggle obtaining adequate postoperative pain control in the immediate recovery process. 7 Given the elective nature of IPP surgery and the growing concerns with the opioid crisis, urologists have a responsibility to reimagine pain control regimens

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The actionable intelligence metric and the reduction metric are novel, clinically relevant quantification metrics to standardize the reporting of multiparametric magnetic resonance/ultrasound targeted prostate biopsy deliverables. Targeted biopsy provides actionable information in about 25% of men. Reduction metric assessment highlights that transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy may only be omitted after carefully considering the risk of missing clinically significant cancers.

websites were collected using a Java-based natural language processing platform. Two hundred randomized posts were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. The focus group and digital ethnography data sets were coded independently and then compared.RESULTS: All major themes that emerged during analysis of focus group data were reported in the analysis of social media posts. Of the 14 major themes identified through the digital ethnography analysis, twelve were also identified in analysis of focus group transcripts. A comparison of themes confirmed that UTIs have a dramatically negative impact on patients' quality of life, patients desire non-antibiotic alternatives for prevention and treatment, and they experience significant frustration with the medical community's current management of rUTIs. This prompted them to seek support and guidance from peers and the online community.CONCLUSIONS: Social media presents a unique and rich opportunity to learn about the experience of non-experimental patients outside of a research setting, whereas focus group discussions allow for more concentrated data collection focused on specific topics. Although social media platforms provide perspective from a much larger, more diverse population with an anonymous forum to discuss problems in the acute setting, a comparison of patient perspectives on rUTIs gleaned from focus groups were very similar to those identified using digital ethnography, confirming the transferability of findings from both analyses.

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The objective of this study is to investigate analyze the mechanism of an anti‐cancer drug, 2‐methoxyestradiol. The drug will be applied to PC‐3 prostate cancer cells. This project will look at two proteins in the apoptotic pathway 2‐methoxyestradiol selectively phosphorylates through various Western blotting assays. This study aims to examine ways to improve efficacy and minimize potentially harmful side effects of 2‐methoxyestradiol.