The tourism industry has a dramatic impact on the world's economy and development. For this reason, it is important to study vacation traveler behavior, including where individuals travel on vacation and what travel mode they use to get there. This study uses the unique Eurobarometer vacation travel survey to model jointly travelers’ choice of holiday destination and travel mode while also considering an extensive array of stated motivation-based preference and value factors. The study further builds on the existing literature by applying the model to a large-scale travel market characterized by multiple origins and destinations within the European Union. The empirical results indicate the important effects of nationality, traveler demographics, travel companionship arrangement, traveler preferences and values, and trip and destination characteristics on holiday destination and travel mode choice. These results have important policy implications not only for each country within the European Union but also for countries and regions around the world.
Silt fences have long been a key component for controlling construction stormwater runoff; nonetheless, many silt fence installations fail to perform in the field as intended. Silt fences are temporary sediment control measures used to retain sediment by impounding runoff and allowing for sedimentation on-site, while simultaneously discharging stormwater runoff at a controlled rate. This study evaluated the performance of eight alternative configurations of the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) standard wire-backed, nonwoven silt fence. Standard installation parameters associated with the ALDOT silt fence include (1) 32-in. (81.3-cm) high fence, (2) 0.95 lb/ft (1.4 kg/m) support T-post, and (3) 10 ft (3.0 m) T-post spacing. Throughout the series of configurations tested, these standard parameters were varied individually and jointly in efforts to improve overall performance. Variations to the standard parameters include (1) 24-in. (61.0-cm) high fence, (2) 1.25 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m) support T-post, (3) 5 ft (1.5 m) T-post spacing, and (4) trench offsetting. Performance analyses were conducted on each configuration and results were evaluated to determine the best overall configuration to enhance the in-field performance of the ALDOT silt fence. Ultimately, the offset 24 in. (61.0 cm) fence with 1.25 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m) T-post spaced 5 ft (1.5 m) on-center resulted in the best overall improvement, retaining an average of 93% of sediment and deflection of only 0.18 ft (0.004 m) over the course of three simulated storm events.
As leisure travel continues to grow, it has become a critical subject for planners and decisionmakers since it significantly impacts regional economic and social development as well as contributes to emission levels and congestion. Despite being a significant percentage of our travel, however, leisure travel behavior is still not very well understood. The goal of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of leisure activity participation by considering leisure activity loyalty within the travel context. In particular, this study focuses on one specific dimension of travel context: travel extent (i.e. whether an individual participates in a leisure activity on a daily versus a long-distance basis). As such, this paper first introduces a unified conceptual framework for measuring leisure activity loyalties within a travel context, based on two distinct dynamics of leisure loyalty behavior -destination attachment and activity involvement.Additionally, this paper uses a unique 2001 NHTS dataset comprised of households' daily and long-distance leisure activities to undertake a unique empirical analysis of five distinct leisure activities using the conceptual framework and a copula-based model methodology. The findings confirmed that households demonstrate significant loyalties to travel contexts across all leisure activities, especially resting and sightseeing.
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