This experiment measures the effects of indoor plants on participants' productivity, attitude toward the workplace, and overall mood in the office environment. In an office randomly altered to include no plants, a moderate number of plants, and a high number of plants, paid participants (N = 81) performed timed productivity tasks and completed a survey questionnaire. Surprisingly, the results of the productivity task showed an inverse linear relationship to the number of plants in the office, but self-reported perceptions of performance increased relative to the number of plants in the office. Consistent with expectations, participants reported higher levels of mood, perceived office attractiveness, and (in some cases) perceived comfort when plants were present than when they were not present. Decreased productivity scores are linked to the influence of positive and negative affect on decision making and cognitive processing.
An important segment of social interaction that requires systematic analysis is the behavioral control of one person over another: in other words, authority. The purpose of this paper is to analyze this type of interaction for the dyad, showing of what variables it is a function.Authority, as defined below, is seen as a special case of verbal behavior as analyzed by Skinner (1957), and is consonant with his definition of the "mand." Thus, the analysis of authority will make fundamental use of the concept of the reciprocal reinforcement of behavior. The general aim is to carry through an analysis of the dyadic situation, and simple extensions of it, that specifies the conditions that are relevant to the occurrence of "authority behavior" and the variables of which such behavior is a function.We begin with a definition of authority. A basic paradigm of an authority sequence will then be given and the variables of which such an authority sequence is a function will be discussed in detail. Finally, functional relationships between authority sequences will be analyzed.
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