Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (At/Rt) is a rare, highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) most commonly found in children 1 . Its prognosis is dismal, with a historic median survival ranging from 6 to 11 months 2 . However, recent studies have shown a significant improvement in time to progression and survival for some patients who received surgical resections followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue [2][3][4] . the pathogenesis of At/Rt is still unclear and it may be instructive to glean findings from malignant gliomas. It has been noted that At/Rt, like malignant gliomas, contains brain cancer stem cells (CSCs) 5 . CSCs play an important role in tumor initiation and are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy 5,6 . On the other hand, the immunotherapy targeting CSCs have achieved promising results 6 . Cancer stem cells have been shown to ABSTRACT: Objective: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (At/Rt) is a highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. Like glioblastomas, At/Rts contain brain cancer stem cells (CSCs) that suppress the immunity of patients and are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Considerable infiltration of immune cells, including macrophages/microglia, dendritic cells and t-cells, has been noted in glioblastomas, which correlates with poor prognosis. the present study examines the significance of infiltrating immune cells in four cases of At/Rt; including one associated with an autoimmune disease, Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Methods: tumor tissues from four patients with At/Rt were analyzed and compared with those from four patients with glioblastomas. the frequency of immune cells, including CD68+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells, was assessed by scoring for statistical analysis. Results: the infiltration of immune cells was identified in the case of At/Rt associated with HSP and three other cases of infratentorial At/Rts. Moderate infiltration of CD68+ macrophages/microglia and CD4+ cells was noted in At/Rts with no significant difference from that in glioblastomas (p > 0.05). However, the infiltration of CD8+ t-cells was significantly higher in At/Rts than that in glioblastomas (p < 0.05); CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly lower in At/Rts than that in glioblastomas (p < 0.05). In addition, eosinophils were found in all At/Rts, but not in glioblastomas. Conclusions: these findings suggest an immune microenvironment of At/Rts with more immune effectors than glioblastomas. Our observation contributes to understanding the growth environment of At/Rts for which adjuvant immunotherapy may be potentially beneficial. RÉSUMÉ: Infiltrat de cellules immunitaires dans les tumeurs teratoïdes/rhabdoïdes atypiques.Objectif : La tumeur tératoïde/rhabdoïde atypique (tt/RA) est une tumeur très maligne du système nerveux central. Sa pathogenèse demeure inconnue. Comme les glioblastomes, les tt/RA contiennent des cellules souches du cancer du cerveau qui suppriment l'immunité des pat...
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