Hole enlargement while drilling (HEWD) is a frequent and well established practice in deepwater Gulf of Mexico operations. The most common BHA design positions a concentric underreamer above the complex MWD/LWD string to enable activation, increase stability and to ensure the enlarged borehole does not degrade LWD image quality. However, this conventional BHA configuration for HEWD results in a rathole of approximately 160 ft at TD. To open the rathole to an adequate size to accommodate the subsequent liner string, the operator is forced to trip the drilling BHA back to surface and perform a dedicated hole-opening run. This procedure is costly and can add a day or more to the well construction timeline. In a recent offshore well, the operator wanted to eliminate the trip to enlarge the rathole and land the liner shoe closer to the section TD. To accomplish the objective, a dual reaming BHA system was developed with a conventional 12¼-in x 14½-in expandable underreamer deployed above the MWD/LWD and a new ream-on-demand (RoD) system positioned between the RSS and MWD. The RoD tool is equipped with an innovative hydraulic system that can perform multiple activations/deactivations of the cutting blocks. Because the RoD system does not require a ball drop to engage, BHA design flexibility is greatly enhanced. Optimal tool configuration was determined by modeling the BHA with an FEA-based engineering system. The directional response of the RSS was also modeled to ensure the placement of the RoD system did not interfere with RSS directional capabilities. The RoD cutter blocks were configured to be passive when retracted to enable the underreamer to act as a control stabilizer providing a pivot-point for the push-the-bit RSS. At section TD, the plan was to pull the RoD tool above the rathole, activate the RoD cutter blocks and enlarge the 12¼-in hole to 14½-in as required. The new tandem underreamer BHA was deployed on the deepwater project and drilled 1221 ft of section in 14.45 hrs at an average ROP of 110 feet per hour, while opening the 12¼-in pilot hole to 14½-in with the conventional underreamer. After reaching TD, the RoD system enlarged the 153 ft rathole from 12¼-in to 14½-in in only 3.5 hrs. The utilization of the dual hole opening system, in conjunction with an MWD/RSS eliminated the need to perform a dedicated rathole run to achieve the desired liner shoe depth. This paper covers the application the RoD system, tool design and pre-job risk assessment which saved the operator 16 hrs of rig time and reduced project costs by approximately $625,000 USD.
A new tool provides simultaneous recording of measurements from all downhole production-logging sensors used in the analysis of production or injection wells. The system was used to evaluate production-well profiles in the South Swan Hills miscible flood project in Alberta, Canada. The dynamic reservoir picture obtained from the information proved useful in improving reservoir performance. Introduction Production logs have been used for many years to Production logs have been used for many years to evaluate producing and injection wells. In the past, when reservoirs with excess capacity were limited by allowables, production logs were used basically to diagnose a problem on an individual well, such as locating a source of water production or defining a mechanical problem such as a packer leak. Today, with the increased demand for oil and the declining capacity of mature reservoirs, combined with more sophisticated recovery schemes, the oil industry is becoming increasingly aware of the importance of improving fieldwide reservoir performance. With this shift in emphasis, the role of production logging has taken on a much wider scope.For the evaluation and management of a reservoir, the reservoir engineer may get the information he needs by running production logs on selected production and injection wells throughout the production and injection wells throughout the reservoir. By repeating this on an appropriate time scale, a dynamic description of the reservoir can be evolved. This information can be integrated with formation evaluation logs, such as the TDT log and the initial openhole logs, to compare actual performance with indicated reservoir potential. performance with indicated reservoir potential. The analysis of producing wells is rarely simple. Downhole flow usually involves different fluids (oil, water, and gas) having different densities and moving at different velocities. Furthermore, these may vary with time because of well instability. Typically, several measurements are needed to resolve the problem. The effect of well instability can be reduced problem. The effect of well instability can be reduced by obtaining the measurements simultaneously. Much has been published in the literature on the use of flowmeter, thermometer, manometer, Gradiomanometer TM and caliper tools to analyze downhole flow. In addition, a casing-collar locator and a gamma-ray log are useful for depth control and correlation with the formation evaluation logs.In this paper we describe a new 1 11/16-in. (42.9-mm) diameter telemetry-based tool - the PLT (TM) (simultaneous production logging tool) - capable of transmitting all these measurements simultaneously during one trip in the well. It is relatively easy to add new sensors to this flexible system. A new dual tracer ejector tool and a high-precision pressure gauge, which have been added to the above family of sensors, also are discussed.This paper presents the results of a 15-well logging program in which the PLT tool was used to evaluate program in which the PLT tool was used to evaluate a miscible flood project in the South Swan Hills pool in Alberta, Canada. While tracer materials were used to monitor the lateral progress of the flood front, production logging was used to monitor the vertical production logging was used to monitor the vertical distribution in both injection and production wells. JPT P. 191
The nature of pore pressure profile on deepwater Gulf of Mexico wells dictates the need for hole enlargement while drilling (HEWD) on several intervals. HEWD is a well-established practice in deepwater GoM and allows casing programs with smaller ID clearance between consecutive casing strings. Although the reservoir section is typically drilled as a single diameter, HEWD is required for many of the larger upper hole sections. However, in some cases drilling conditions require the operator to deviate the casing program from plan. On a recent deepwater Gulf of Mexico Lower Tertiary well, pore pressure anomalies, high mud weight and associated equivalent circulating density (ECD) required the operator to raise formation integrity test (FIT) to the maximum limit while drilling the 14½" x 16½" section. To solve the problem it required premature setting of a 14" casing string. The subsequent12¼" section was initially planned as a single diameter drilling interval. However, to account for pore pressure variations experienced on the previous section and to avoid narrowing of the producing casing size the plan was modified to incorporate a contingency liner. The 12¼" section would have to be enlarged to 13½" in case a contingency 11-7/8" liner was needed. Adding to operational complexity, the original drilling program included a plan to core the 12¼" section. To stabilize the coring BHA would necessitate a minimum of 250ft of 12¼" rathole. To achieve all 12¼" objectives, it would require an extra unplanned trip. To solve application intricacies, the operator elected to use a new-type ream-on-demand (RoD) system in the 12¼" section and eliminate multiple trips to change out BHAs. RoD technology is equipped with an innovative hydraulic mechanism that can be opened and closed multiple times as required while drilling. After risk assessment and pre-job planning, the 12¼" section was successfully underreamed to 13½" diameter with the RoD tool. The pressure regime was carefully monitored and it was determined the 11-7/8" contingency liner was not required. The reamer was then closed at the top of the coring section and a 12¼" borehole was drilled an additional 250ft offering the required stabilization for the subsequent coring run. Utilization of the RoD technology eliminated a round trip prior to using the coring BHA and significantly increased operational efficiency while enhancing project economics.
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