Agricultural, livestock management, and industrial activities have the potential to cause high levels of contamination to the soil, surface water, and groundwater as a result of accidental or deliberate discharges of pollutants to the environment. In this study, we evaluated the contamination of groundwater by various forms of leached nitrogen (total N, ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite) arising from the application of poultry litter, swine waste, and mineral nitrogen (urea) to the soil. The study was conducted using a set of drainage lysimeters in the experimental area of UFSM, Frederico Westphalen Campus (RS), Brazil. In this study, the use of swine waste and urea as nitrogen sources shows high leaching of ammonia (N-NH 3 + ) and total nitrogen (total N) in drainage water in relation to the nitrogen supplied by poultry litter. Comparing the values of ammonia, nitrite,

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Biotechnology is the branch of science that uses molecules, viruses, microorganisms, cells, animals, plants or part of them in technological processes to generate benefits for humans, to flora, fauna and the environment. In this context, enzymes are natural biocatalysts that present substrate specificity and extreme importance to vital processes, as they develop indispensable functions in biochemical reactions of cell metabolism, and can be used in biotechnological processes. Knowing the human needs, for a world population of about 7.7 billion people and the functional usefulness of enzymes, there is, on the one hand, a gigantic demand for the consumption of various products in the agricultural sector, processed and industrialized, such as: food, beverages, clothing in the textile sector, medicines, vaccines, cosmetics in the chemical-pharmaceutical sector, as well as in the production of paper and fuels, in which enzymes, mainly amylases, have been widely used in production processes. In this work, experiments were carried out with the wild Bacillus cereus bacterium to verify the production of amylases, the results obtained could demonstrate the formation of amylolysis halos around the colonies in Petri dishes containing Tryptic Soy Agar + starch (1%) medium, pH 7.3 and grown in a biological oven at 37oC for 24 hours, when revealed in iodine vapor; the Amylolysis Index (AI) was 3.3 and the efficiency of starch substrate degradation by amylases was greater than 90% in the evaluated treatments.

Objective: to evaluate the empirical use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infections, compared to the theoretical-scientific foundations, according to the literature.   Theoretical framework: medicinal plants play a very important role in human history. Through empiricism, many lives were saved and in this process Science evolved, transforming popular knowledge into scientific fact. Resistance of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to conventional drugs is a recurring problem that can be solved with the use of active principles present in vegetables that provide the same environmental pressure as microorganisms and, therefore, may be a viable option.   Method: from a qualitative and quantitative approach, using the interview as a data collection method, the research approached respondents in three municipalities, present in three states (RS, SC and PR) that represent the southern region of the country. The method used is known as snowball sampling, or "snowball". The data obtained were compared with the scientific literature, in order to justify or rectify the information provided by the interviewees.   Results and conclusion: the research on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infections resulted in a large number of species mentioned by the interviewees. These were grouped and statistically analyzed in order to understand the importance they represent for the population of the studied states. In addition, comparing the data from the interviews with the knowledge already discovered by science, it was found that popular and cultural knowledge has a scientific basis and that technology can be used in this area so that alternative treatments can be obtained in the future for the most diverse symptoms and symptoms. human health problems. The analyzes showed that the most mentioned plants throughout the study were: Boldo (Plectranthus ornatos), Plantain (Plantago major), Malva (Malva sylvestris L.) and Macela (Achyrocline satureoides).   Research implications: the structure and composition of the work involve a series of issues related to the population, its values, customs and refer directly to the environmental factors that shape and support human life. The social space, in addition to being respected, must constantly evolve and add technology as a facilitator to the essence of knowledge. The expansion of the open science model is essential for these discussions to be expanded and open space for evolution. Brazil is a large country and this makes the logistics of research that cover the entire territory difficult. Thus, partnerships are needed that involve institutions from different states that can support data collection.   Originality/value: this scientific production approached, in an innovative way, relevant facts that can provide a healthy discussion between scientists and the population. The article brings original data, which brings together practical and theoretical research, the universe of popular and scientific knowledge to give evidence to knowledge that is forgotten and goes unnoticed by the academic community. From this debate, there is an attempt to promote more research that adds to this publication and increasingly deepens the scientific facts about the therapeutic potential of bioactives. In addition, ancient knowledge, which has transcended generations and still saves lives, needs to be respected and improved so that scientific institutions return values to citizens, in the form of knowledge, as a way to gratify the role that each person has in managing the environment. Social.

Biotechnology has been an essential tool in the search for solutions and in the optimization of bioprocesses associated with issues of human, plant, animal, energy and also the balance of ecosystems on planet Earth. The objective of this research was to present an unconventional substrate (cellulose), in abundance on the planet, to be used as a substitute source of carbon and energy for biotechnology processes, with the possibility of increasing industrial production of biomass and energy. As basis for the research, an extensive literature review and quantitative and qualitative analyzes were carried out. Genetic Engineering techniques were used to enable the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for partial cellulose degradation, through the use of genetic transformation methods to insert a plasmid carrying the cellobiohydrolase cDNA. It was found that the recombinant and biologically active cellobiohydrolase protein was expressed and excreted in haploid and diploid laboratory yeast strains. The analyzes allowed the visualization of cellulolysis halos around colonies of recombinant strains grown in solid YPD medium with 1% microgranular cellulose. The recombinant clones derived from the haploid lineage yielded in average of 1.70 mg ART/mL, while recombinant clones derived from the diploid lineage produced in average of 2.05 mg ART/mL.

The sub-Saharan Africa region concentrates more than 90% of notifications of malaria infections. However, the disease is not concentrated only in the African continent, being endemic even in the Amazon region of Brazil. Thus, it is imperative that there are effective actions to mitigate and eradicate the disease. In this sense, a bibliometric analysis was carried out to address current facts related to the characterization of the parasite, vector control, disease diagnosis and treatment of patients. The results indicate that methods for vector control, although effective, are not available for the entire population of endemic countries and their effectiveness has been circumvented by the vector over time. Chemical treatments with antimalarials also suffer from acquired resistance by the pathogen. Furthermore, the most current therapy is the developed and tested anti-malarial vaccine, with results that proved to be viable in economic and public health terms. In view of the high number of deaths caused by malaria, especially in children living in areas of high contagion, the World Health Organization has started to recommend the use of this resource, which could save thousands of lives every year.

O presente trabalho visa o estudo do efeito de extratos hidroalcóolicos de três espécies de carqueja (Baccharis trimera, Baccharis dracunculifolia e Baccharis gaudichaudiana) em diferentes concentrações sobre a germinação e crescimento inicial de alface (Lactuca sativa) e a identificação de compostos voláteis presentes nessas espécies. As sementes de alface foram distribuídas em gerbox contento papel germitest. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em esquema bifatorial (3x5), representando três espécies de carquejas e cinco concentrações dos extratos: 0,00, 0,02, 0,03, 0,04 e 0,05%, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi mantido por um período de sete dias em B.O.D. com temperatura de 17,5 ºC. A análise química dos constituintes pertencentes às três espécies analisadas foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (CG/EM - Shimadzu, modelo QP 5050A). A composição química das carquejas resultou em 29 compostos químicos diferentes, cada espécie de Baccharis possui um composto específico que representa entre 24 e 25% de sua composição química total, sendo eles (-)-Spathulenol (24%), Alloaromadendrene oxide (25%) e 3-Cyclohexen-1-one, 3,5,5-trimethyl- (24,63%) para B. dracunculifolia, B. gaudichaudiana e B. trimera, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que B. trimera apresenta potencial alelopático de favorecer a germinação da alface. As espécies B. dracunculifolia e B. gaudichaudiana não influenciaram na germinação das sementes de alface nas concentrações analisadas. Os extratos das B. trimera, B. dracunculifolia e B. gaudichaudiana, influenciaram negativamente o comprimento de raiz e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) com o aumento nas concentrações dos extratos.

No presente trabalho são apresentados dados referentes ao uso e manejo de agrotóxicos em área de produção agrícola em 12 municípios do norte e noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os municípios estudados, em sua essência, estão formados por pequenas propriedades rurais com área média de 21 hectares. Nessas a matriz produtiva e, consequentemente, deriva de culturas anuais como a soja e o milho no verão e trigo e aveia no inverno, bem como atividades de criação de animais para produção de leite ou em confinamento para produção de carne (proteína animal) através das atividades da suinocultura e avicultura. As propriedades são uma amostra representativa das propriedades de cada município, e apresentaram elevados índices de indivíduos que não receberam qualquer capacitação para o uso e manuseio de produtos agrotóxicos (38%), o que acarreta no descumprimento da Lei Federal 9.974 de 1999, em relação à tríplice lavagem das embalagens e sua destinação correta após o uso e, mais grave ainda, os proprietários e suas famílias apresentam elevados índices de sintomas de intoxicação pelo uso de agrotóxicos.