Purpose
This study aims to provide an educational framework for not only the emerging COVID crisis but also future emergency remote teaching environments (ERTE).
Design/methodology/approach
Using participatory design methodologies, this study engages K-12 teachers and professional instructional designers in a design-focused discussion.
Findings
This work identifies thematic elements present across multiple subject areas, school districts, learner ages and socio-economic situations. Using these themes, as well as design solutions created by our participants, the authors propose the ERTE framework.
Research limitations/implications
The framework presented is grounded in the experiences of a limited number of teachers, but presents a theoretically grounded approach to teaching in an emergent field.
Practical implications
This framework is designed for practical application for use by teachers operating in ERTE.
Originality/value
Though multiple online teaching frameworks exist, the ERTE framework is novel in its emphasis on shifting constants and variables rather than planned pedagogy and is specifically for use in unplanned or responsive remote teaching situations.
In 1991 the UK Audit Commission produced energy performance indicators for hospitals based on the type of care provided. However, an analysis of over 100 hospitals throughout the United Kingdom has found the type of care provided to have relatively little effect on the energy performance of hospitals. Although other factors influenced energy use to some degree, the major factor affecting performance was found to be the plan of the hospital, as this influenced the amount of mechanical ventilation required. Modem mechanically ventilated hospitals were found to typically use 40% of their total electricity consumption in fan power, equating to 80 kWh m -2 purely due to fans. This paper presents a suggested set of new performance indicators based on the percentage of floor area which is ventilated mechanically.List of symbols YEPI Electricity performance indicator for site YFFPI Fossil fuel performance indicator for site X%.B1V
This paper presents a practical approach for decision makers of a program organization when a wide range of alternatives are available for defining the organization that will be responsible for the execution of the program. We utilize constraint programming techniques to formulate the program architecture description as a decision model. The model in this paper builds upon the results of the Program Organizational Architecture Framework (POAF). This approach provides valuable support for decision makers during the design and development of a complex system.
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