In this paper, we describe the design, fabrication, and testing of a prototype microvalve which makes use of a novel magnetic microactuator. The completed device consists of three layers, with the bottom two layers making up the normally closed valve. The top layer (actuator) contains the flux generator on its top surface combined with Ni/Fe plated through holes for guiding the flux to the valve. The actuator and valve components are separately fabricated and then attached to form the completed device. Preliminary test results show that the valve is capable of controlling gas flow in the range of tens to hundreds of .tL/min. This device will, therefore, be useful in its target application, which is a microfluidic total analysis system Q.tTAS) that will require precise valving at moderate flow rates (about 100 .tL 1mm).
In the late 1990s, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) conducted two seminal studies to better understand the installed stock and energy savings opportunities of industrial and commercial motor systems: The United States Industrial Electric Motor Systems Market Opportunities Assessment (industrial sector) and Opportunities for Energy Savings in the Residential and Commercial Sectors with High Efficiency Electric Motors (commercial sector). In the more than 20 years since the publication of these reports, the U.S. industrial and commercial sectors have undergone changes, including facility and/or motor system stock turnover, offshoring and onshoring of manufacturing, passage of motor efficiency standards, cost reductions in motor driven systems, and more. To gain a more current understanding of motor systems in the U.S. industrial and commercial sectors, DOE initiated an update to these two studies. Launched in 2016 and led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), the Motor System Market Assessment (MSMA) provides an updated, more comprehensive assessment of the installed stock of motor systems in both the industrial and commercial sectors, a review of the supply chains supporting motor and drives in the U.S., and the performance improvement opportunity available from using best available technologies and maintenance and operation practices. The outcomes of the MSMA are documented in three U.S. Industrial and Commercial Motor System Market Assessment reports, with this report being the first listed: 1. Volume 1: Characteristics of the Installed Base (this report) documents the findings on the installed base of motor systems in the U.S. industrial and commercial sectors. Quantification of energy savings potential is not documented in this report but in Volume 3. 2. Volume 2: Motors and Drives Supply Chain Review reviews the state of supply chains for motors and drives installed in U.S. industrial and commercial facilities, focusing on advanced motor and drive technologies and their constituent materials. 3. Volume 3: Energy Savings Opportunity analyzes the energy performance improvement opportunity for the installed base of U.S. industrial and commercial motor systems.
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