This study deals with the evaluation of the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and water quality (WQ) on the vegetative and productive response of greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Izmir). A pot-based experiment was carried out over two growing seasons. Three WQ: (groundwater, recycled wastewater and a mix of both) were applied in four irrigation scenarios which targeted soil moisture content (SMC) maintaining at 60%, 70%, 80% and 100% of field capacity (FC). Results showed that both DI and WQ had significant effects on crop development, yield and water productivity. The highest values of plant height (186.0 ± 0.58 cm) and stem diameter (23.40 ± 0.02 mm) were found at 100% FC (control). Total yield ranged from 2.33 ± 0.03 kg/plant (60% FC) to 4.05 ± 0.06 kg/plant (control). However, mild water stress (SMC maintaining at 80% FC) showed a positive effect on irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) without significant yield reduction compared to control. IWUE was at its maximum (31.77 ± 0.47 kg/m3) at 80% FC. A DI regime based on 80% FC could be an efficient irrigation strategy particularly in water-limiting condition. Recycled wastewater was superior among the three WQ for achieving a better crop growth, yield and water productivity at same DI level.
The impact of water quality with varying deficit irrigation level on the plant biomass and fruit quality parameters of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv Izmir) was investigated. A pot-based experiment was carried out over two growing seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). Three water qualities: groundwater, recycled wastewater and an equal mix of both were applied in four irrigation scenarios which aimed to maintain soil moisture levels at 60%, 70%, 80% and 100% of field capacity. A surface drip irrigation system was designed maintaining irrigation frequency of two days. Results showed that both water quality and deficit irrigation significantly affected plant biomass. The fresh fruit weight was rather uniform, ranged from 53.2 to 85.4 gram and found highest in full irrigation. Most of the fruit quality parameters were not significantly affected by water quality.The significantly higher values of total soluble solid (7.87 degree brix), fruit firmness (9.28 kg/cm2), fruit pH (4.24) and vitamin C content (68.33 mg/kg) were measured in treatments maintaining soil moisture content at 60% of field capacity (most water-stressed conditions). Based on these findings, it recommended that by adopting deficit irrigation and maintaining soil moisture at 60% of field capacity, fruit quality parameters can be significantly improved. In contrast, fresh fruit weight and plant biomass were reduced.
Water recycling is a potential tool for reducing the dependency on traditional water sources, which would eventually reduce the likelihood of volumetric restrictions and their impacts on the water sector. Therefore, exploration, development, and use of alternative water sources are required for sustainable development. Scientific studies on the efficient and economical use of nontraditional water sources developed using the recycling process have attracted the attention of agriculturists, planners, and engineers for the last two decades. Recycled wastewater types, including greywater, sewage, stormwater, and industrial wastewater, have been discussed in this study. This article reviewed various forms of recycled wastewater, especially wastewater from treated sewage, and their effects on human health and irrigated environment. In addition, the necessity of exploration and usage of alternative sources of water in agriculture over traditional sources has also been reviewed. Legislations and guidelines of three major countries regarding the water recycling process and subsequent use have also been presented. The key finding of this article is that the agriculture and water recycling industry can only be connected sustainably when recycled wastewater complies with agronomical, environmental, and sanitary requirements. Because of the rapid advancements in wastewater recycling technologies, water recycling and recycled water usage have great potential to manage the increasing burden on freshwater resources. Finally, the sustainable use of recycled wastewater is crucial to minimize the negative effects on agriculture, the environment, and human health.
The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of varying deficit irrigation level and water quality scenarios on economic responses of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Izmir) produced in a greenhouse environment. Groundwater, recycled wastewater and a blend of both were selected as water qualities. Four irrigation scenarios were maintained including soil moisture at 60%, 70%, 80% and 100% of field capacity. The treatment maintaining soil moisture at 100% field capacity was control in this study for each water quality. The selected irrigation method and the soil texture were the drip and loamy sand respectively. The effects of deficit irrigation and water quality on the benefit-cost ratio, revenue generated per m3 of water usage, cost function and net financial return were examined. Benefit-cost ratio was a maximum of 1.37 for the control treatment of recycled wastewater. All the selected deficit irrigation treatments produced the benefit-cost ratio more than one except 60% field capacity level. Revenue generation per m3 of water usage was found the highest in treatments maintaining soil moisture content at 80% field capacity despite of water quality. Based on the benefit-cost ratio, cost function and revenue generated per cubic meter of water use, this study recommended the deficit irrigation level at 80% field capacity as the most cost-effective and water efficient strategy for greenhouse grown tomatoes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.