In the era of climate services, which provide globally complete data products in a ready‐to‐use form, the context of climate data is in danger of being neglected or forgotten. However, the historical and present‐day context imprinted on this climate data is important in its own right. The data depend on political, economic and technological factors, as we show with a range of data coverage maps. We term awareness of and sensitivity to this context‐dependence “climate data empathy,” and argue that context should be seen as a source of information to be communicated along with the data. Such context not only provides additional information about the data products, but may help in designing communication strategies and contribute more generally to raising awareness of the contingency of environmental data. Decision making should thus make use of both climate data and its context. This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture > Technological Aspects and Ideas
This article focuses on the election posters for the initiative Gegen Masseneinwanderung (Against Mass Immigration) launched by the national conservative Swiss People's Party (Schweizer Volkspartei) in February 2014. Based on qualitative visual analysis, I discuss how sociospatial phenomena are visualized to convey political messages. First, I undertake the important task of identifying discursive and visual elements of the image, as well as the image-text pattern in order to understand how meaning is created. Second, I investigate the concrete praxis of the image: How do images argue, substantiate, and demonstrate in a way that allows viewers to make meaning out of them? Third, I follow a productive step of contextualizing the praxis of the image. To understand how visual messages are effectively conveyed, and how images help to create a politically strategic context and persuade viewers, involves examining the narratives and contexts that the images rely on in order to be understood by viewers. Visual analysis allows for insights into the ways in which visual constructions of reality are created. Furthermore, this article offers methodological strategies that are key to understanding how images are used to depict and construct realities and how these realities are accepted as true, as it is the case with the posters designed for the Against Mass Immigration initiative. Keywords visual geography, visual construction of migration, visual practice of conviction Introduction: Message as Images On February 9, 2014, the Swiss electorate voted for the federal initiative Against Mass Immigration, a proposal launched by the Swiss People's Party (SVP), aimed at limiting immigration through quotas (website: Federal Department of Justice and Police). The high turnout of 55.8% and the unexpected approval show that the message of the SVP had reached the electorate. In the run-up to the vote, the SVP promulgated the problems caused by mass immigration, such as overcrowding of Swiss roads and trains, an unacceptable burden on the social services as well as "increasing foreigner crime" and "wage dumping". To convey these messages, the SVP continued a tradition that had already seen success with past initiatives (the 2010 Ausschaffungsinitiative-Deportation initiative; the Initiative gegen den Bau von Minaretten in 2009-Initiative against the Building of Minarets, website: Ausschaffungsinitiative, Minarettinitiative): political argumentation through the visualization of sociospatial problems resulting from migration. In response to the referendum, the Swiss Federal Council and parliament were given three years to develop a new approval system for migration. On December 22, 2016, Switzerland and the European Union (EU) agreed on the option of "priority for Swiss nationals", which does not limit the free movement of EU workers to Switzerland but may require Swiss employers to give priority to candidates based in Switzerland. Theoretical Approaches: Visualization as Practice Methods from social science, humanities, and cultural sci...
Smith suggest that using different lines of evidence (triangulation) to verify results will change how credit is Roots out of sight, not out of mind Using genomics and imaging to understand plants' physical traits does not stop Temperature debt of solar geoengineering Solar geoengineering is a proposed method of climate engineering that aims to reduce global warming using an artificial 'sunscreen' of aerosols in Earth's high atmosphere. As planning of the first field experiments gets under way, Society and history imprint climate data
In the following article, we would first like to present the Bologna Process to create a European Higher Education Area and to show its importance as a framework for higher education in Europe and beyond. Second, we would like to raise questions about the consequences of the Bologna Process for postgraduate education especially for the implementation in geography and the respective challenges.
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