TA between CR events and GER was found in a single-subject-level analysis in some infants with persistent CR events at term. This TA suggests a causal relation between CR and reflux events that was further strengthened by the clinical outcomes of each infant.

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Background-The current method to determine temporal association (TA) between reflux and symptoms is the SAP (symptom association probability), but this method has limitations due to the constraints of binning and the violation of statistical principles of the Fisher exact test that lead to an invalid estimation of TA. The aim of this study is to develop improved methods of computing the TA between apneic and reflux events using simulation and permutation methods and to compare these to the SAP.