RÉSUMÉLa forêt à Marantaceae de Lossi, au Sud de la Haute Sangha, est étudiée suivant un transect de 5000 m traversant trois faciès (terre ferme, périodiquement inondé et marécageux). L'inventaire couvre 2,5 ha pour les arbres de 10 ≤ dhp < 70 cm et 25 ha pour ceux de dhp ≥ 70 cm. 178 espèces sont recensées pour une quarantaine de familles et 1168 arbres. Phytoecology of Marantaceae facies in the Lossi forest (Congo, Brazzaville)ABSTRACT Phytoecologic of Marantaceae facies in the Lossi forest (Congo, Brazzaville). The Lossi Marantaceae forest, in the South of Haute Sangha, is studied along a transect of 5000 m crossing three facies (land, periodically flooded and swampy). The inventory covers 2.5 ha for trees of 10 ≤ dhp < 70 cm and 25 ha for those of dhp ≥ 70 cm. 178 species are recorded for about forty families and 1168 trees. There are 903 trees of 10 ≤ dhp < 70 cm and 265 dbh ≥ 70 cm; 164 species of 10 ≤ dhp < 70 cm against 56 for the dhp ≥ 70 cm of which 14 are specific. The floristic composition reveals few common species. Biodiversity indices show a high degree of diversification, low floristic richness and a preponderance of small diameter trees. The index of importance values coupled with the coefficient of abundance-dominance shows, depending on the forest type, a dominance of a few families. The values of the phytoecological data are lower than those known from the dense forests of Central Africa. Notwithstanding a large regenerative procession, the specific contribution V. KIMPOUNI / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(4): 1437-1460, 2017 1438 indicates the lack of natural regeneration, given the dominance of undergrowth taxa. Their affinity to the Atlantic forests of the Niger-Cameroonian-Gabonese area, including Scyphocephalium mannii and Dacryodes sp. which are the markers, is detected. Sarcochores dominates and endozoochories is the main mode of dissemination. The leaf type mesophylle, synonymous of heliophytes, predominates.
RESUMEL'automédication est un véritable problème de santé publique dans les pays émergents. La présente étude vise à évaluer l'automédication en pharmacie par les médicaments antalgiques au sein de la population de la ville de Douala. Une enquête a été menée auprès de 840 patients adultes âgés de 18 à 75 ans, fréquentant 25 pharmacies choisies dans des quartiers représentatifs des différentes composantes socio-économiques. Les patients sollicitant un achat de médicaments en automédication ont été soumis à un questionnaire sur le type de produit demandé ; s'il s'agissait d'un antalgique, ils répondaient ensuite à un questionnaire sur la molécule sollicitée. Cette enquête a révélé que 39,7% des enquêtés sollicitaient des médicaments en automédication, et 27,5% de ces demandes concernaient des antalgiques. Cette étude a également démontré que 67,4% des demandes en antalgiques concernaient le paracétamol, le diclofénac et l'ibuprofène, molécules à composante majoritaire anti-inflammatoire arrivant en 2 nde et 3 ème position; le tramadol, dérivé morphinique occupait la 4 ème place des sollicitations en automédication. La proportion de l'automédication en officine est élevée, surtout en cas de douleurs, avec des choix de molécules pas toujours adéquates; le rôle du pharmacien, premier acteur de santé en contact avec la population est donc primordial dans le cadre du bon usage du médicament. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Automédication, médicament, antalgique, paracétamol, diclofenac, ibuprofene.Self-medication by analgesics at adults: case of the customers of the pharmacies of Douala, Cameroon ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the self-medication in pharmacy by analgesic medicine within the population of the city of Douala. A transverse descriptive investigation was led with 840 grown-up patients from 18 to 75 years old, and frequenting 25 pharmacies of the city of Douala, chosen in representative districts of the various socioeconomic components. The patients requesting a purchase of medicine in self-medication were submitted to a questionnaire on the category of wanted product; if it was about an analgesic, they answered then a questionnaire on the requested molecule. This study revealed that 39,7% of the investigated G. ETAME LOE et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(4): 1461-1470, 2017 1462 people requested medicine in self-medication, without prescription, and that 27,5% of these requests concerned analgesic. This study also demonstrated that 67,4 % of the demands in analgesic concerned the paracetamol; diclofenac and ibuprofen, anti-inflammatory molecules arriving in 2nd and 3rd position and the tramadol, morphinic component occupied the 4th place of the requests.
Research for bioactive molecules and not resistant to infectious agents remains topical for science. The total polyphenols (TPP) and total flavonoids (TFv) of the hydroethanolic extracts and fractions obtained were quantified according to the spectrophotometric method described in the literature using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the colorless solutions of sodium nitrite 2.5% and aluminum chloride 10% respectively. The characterization of chemical compounds was made by coupling liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). Thus, 15 chemical compounds were characterized, seven from Gnetum africanum (EBa) and eight from Gnetum buchholzianum (EBb). The majority of which were stilbens, such as Gnetupendin D, Dimethoxygnetulin, Methoxyparvifolol D, Isorhaponcitin from Eba and Gnetuhaidin P, Gnetupendin D, Gnetuhainin C, phenols (Alcohol Homovanillyl, Alcohol Erythro guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl, and Alcohol Homovanillyl from EBb. The minority were flavonoids such as Dimethoxydihydropyraneriodictyol,
This study was conducted to assess the toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract combinations of Gnetum africanum Welv. leaves and Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. (Gnetaceae) in experimental rats to test the validity of the treatment of liver disorders related to oxidative stress. The Combinations (m/m) 50-50 for E2 and 75-25 for E3 of ethanol-water extracts from plant leaves at the respective doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight were used for 32-day toxicity. They were obtained after harvesting leaves, sorting, drying in the air cover for three weeks, and grinding. The resulting powder was doubly macerated with 70% ethanol for 48 hours and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated with the Heidolph-brand rotary rotavapor and each extract obtained was preserved. The administrations were carried out by gavage to wistar, male and non-pregnant female albino rats. In the end, the animals were sacrificed. The serum and organ homogenates were obtained for biochemical,
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