Jean-Pierre Desclés et Zlatka Guentchéva : How to determine the meanings of the French « passé composé » by means of contextual exploration?
Having given precise definitions of aspectual primitives (resulting state, inferential state, event...), the authors examine the effects of contextual environments on a semantic interpretation of the French « passé composé » by means of heuristic rules.
It is argued that the invariant meaning of French « passé composé » is a complex value: "resulting state - event". To solve this semantic indétermination, a general method, known as Contextual Exploration, is used: different contextual occurrences of linguistic markers such as adverbial expressions, discourse relations, meanings of verbal predicates. . . contribute to determining the interpretation of this tense in context.
From a logical viewpoint, object is never defined, even by a negative definition. This paper is a theoretical contribution about object using a new constructivist logical approach called Logic of Determination of Objects founded on a basic operation, called determination. This new logic takes into account cognitive problems such as the inheritance of properties by non typical occurrences or by indeterminate atypical objects in opposition to prototypes that are typical completely determinate objects. We show how extensional classes, intensions, more and less determined objects, more or less typical representatives of a concept and prototypes are defined and organized, using a determination operation that constructs a class of indeterminate objects from an object representation of a concept called typical object.
This article constitutes a contribution to an analysis of the notion of variable. Whithin the framework of Combinatory Logic as a formalism without bound variables, the Logic of Determination of Objects (LDO) provides an explanation for the necessary distinction between "whatever, any" and "indeterminate, indefinite" used by the introduction and elimination rules of quantifiers in Natural Deduction. The intension of a concept and typical and atypical occurrences of a concept are also introduced yielding new quantifiers which are more adequate to natural language processing (NLP) and to the study of natural inferences in common reasoning.
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