Highlights d Flow cytometry, RNA-seq, and protein and image analyses reveal brain TME complexity d Glioma IDH mutation status and brain metastasis primary tumors shape the brain TME d Microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages exhibit multifaceted activation d TME immune cells show disease-and cell-type-specific expression patterns
Transient occlusion of a retinal vein in rats leads to short- and long-term microvascular remodeling upstream of the occlusion site. This study describes a model for the tridimensional arrangement of retinal microvessel that accounts for the topography of the early capillary closure and collateral vessel formation that occur after BRVO. In the long term, these changes regressed incompletely, with recanalization of the occluded vein, suggesting that after a short period of occlusion, microvascular changes may become at least partially independent of flow. Despite the intrinsically limited applicability of this model to human vein occlusion, the results suggest that even if therapeutic decompression of an occluded vein is performed early, it may not reverse capillary dropout completely.
The proximal internal carotid artery is most commonly spared in cerebral fibromuscular dysplasia. The authors report the cases of three young black patients with stroke and carotid megabulbs with fibrous components, two of whom had superimposed thrombi.
Background. Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (LP) is a rare entity, characterized by multiple polypoid tumors involving several segments of the gastrointestinal tract.
Methods. In this large retrospective series of 12 patients with LP, histologic and immunohistochemical features were investigated from patients with multiple biopsy samples from each site (500 gastrointestinal biopsies). Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin embedded biopsies from 12 patients and on frozen tissue biopsies from 8 patients, for each of whom at least two different anatomic sites were studied.
Results. Histologic features always were characterized by nodules located in mucosa and submucosa composed of lymphomatous, small cleaved cells. B‐cell phe‐notype of the neoplastic cells was the same phenotype as adult mantle‐zone cells or fetal follicle cells (frequent coexpression of surface IgM and surface IgD, and weak expression of CD5, CD35+, CDw32+, and CD23‐). Tested cases expressed bcl‐2. Five to 20% of LP cells were positive for the monoclonal antibody Ki‐67. Five patients died within 5‐32 months after diagnosis. Frequent extradigestive sites were also identified. There were two unique findings: five cases with digestive tract lymphoepithelial lesions (LEL), and one secondary transformation to large B‐cell malignant lymphoma.
Conclusions. To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest series so far of LP studied with immunohistochemistry on frozen sections. Mantle‐cell B cell phenotype of the nodular monotonous, small cleaved cells is confirmed. This entity may be classified as mantle‐cell lymphoma with a similar agressive clinical course, and treated as a high grade B‐cell lymphoma. The authors know of no such LEL that has been reported previously, and secondary transformation has been described only briefly in one case.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.