Interaction of Candida albicans with cells of the macrophage lineage was examined by using heat-killed (HK) and live yeast cells. Laminarin, an analogue of the cell wall beta-glucans, strongly inhibited HK yeasts adherence to J774 cell line but had no effect on live yeast binding. Phosphopeptidomannan (PPM) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae had a limited effect on the binding of both HK and live yeasts but significant inhibition was achieved by the use of C. albicans PPM. The role of beta-1,2-oligomannosides was examined with regard to their exclusive presence within C. albicans PPM. PPM acid labile beta-1,2-oligomannosides or a synthetic beta-1,2-mannotetraose, inhibited yeasts binding in a manner comparable to the original PPM. These latter results were confirmed by using mouse peritoneal macrophages, thus suggesting a general role for beta-1,2-oligomannosides in the adherence of the yeast to the macrophage membrane.
We report the development of HaloTag fluorogens based on dipolar flexible molecular rotor structures. By modulating the electron donating and withdrawing groups, we have tuned the absorption and emission wavelengths...
Two highly hydrophobic Lewis X glycolipids 2 and 3 were prepared. The glycoconjugate 2 was constructed in the following way: pentaerythrytol was used as a distributor on which three racemic phytol hydrophobic chains and a triethyleneglycol spacer β‐glycosylated with the pentasaccharide Gal (β 1−4)[Fuc (α 1−3)] GlcNAc (β 1−3) Gal (β 1−4) Glc were anchored. The glycoconjugate 3 was constructed in a similar way, the sugar moiety being the trisaccharide Gal (β 1−4)[Fuc (α 1−3)] GlcNAc, the so‐called Lewis X determinant. A triethyleneglycol spacer was used in order to introduce the mobility required for the study of single carbohydrate−carbohydrate interactions. Three phytyl chains increase the hydrophobicity of the lipid moiety compared to the natural ceramide glycolipid 1. These glycolipids display a liquid‐expanded behaviour with a high compressibility in monolayer studies. These properties associated with a low solubility in water make them good candidates for the study of the interaction between two Lewis X functionalized vesicles.
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