The authors conducted a literature review about bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) syndrome, a new and relatively unknown syndrome that should be described and made known to the greatest number to avoid potential diagnostic and therapeutic errors. The first cases date back only to 2004 and a total of 79 cases have been published to date, mainly in Europe and especially in Turkey and Belgium. It mainly affects young women between the ages of 30 and 50, and symptoms are often preceded by an upper airway infection. There is also a majority of cases where the onset of the syndrome follows oral intake of moxyfloxacin. The clinical signs are dominated by strong photophobia, secondary to a spectacular transillumination of the iris. Other classical symptoms are conjunctival infection, eye pain, blurred vision, temporary ocular hypertonia, fixed mid-dilated pupils, and pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber with pigmentary deposits in the trabecular meshwork in gonioscopy, symptoms that may be mistaken for uveitis. After a few weeks or months of evolution, persistent sequelae were pupillary atony and chronic and bilateral transillumination of the iris, leading to significant photophobia and sometimes persistent ocular hypertension. The BAIT syndrome is close to the bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris (BADI) syndrome, which is similar to BAIT but lacks associated transillumination. A few cases of patients with BAIT syndrome on one eye and BADI syndrome on the contralateral eye have been described, which confirms some form of link between the two clinical entities.

Synopsis Most patients with pancreatic cancer will present with metastatic or locally advanced disease. [1–3] Unfortunately, the majority of patients with localized disease will recur even after multi-modality therapy including surgical resection combined with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. As such, pancreatic cancer patients arrive at a common endpoint where decisions pertaining to palliative care come to the forefront. This chapter summarizes surgical, endoscopic and other palliative techniques for relief of obstructive jaundice, relief of duodenal or gastric outlet obstruction, and relief of pain due to invasion of the celiac plexus. It also introduces the utility of the palliative care triangle in clarifying a patient’s and family’s goals to guide decision-making and choose “the right treatment, for the right patient, in the right setting.”

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Introduction Identification of successful general surgical residents remains a challenging endeavor for program directors (PD) with a national attrition of approximately 20% per year. The Big 5 Personality traits and the Grit Scale have been extensively studied in many industries and certain traits are associated with professional or academic success. However, their utility in surgery resident selection is unknown. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all categorical surgery residents (n=34) at the University of Texas Medical Branch from 2015–2017. Current residents were classified into low performing (n=12) or non-low performing (n=22) based on residency performance and standardized test scores. Groups were assessed for differences in both conventional metrics used for selection and Big 5 and Grit Scores using bivariate analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Personality testing was administered to recent resident applicants (N=81). Applicants were ranked using conventional application information. We then examined the applicants’ personalities and their rank position with personality characteristics of non-low performing residents to determine if there was any correlation. Results The Big 5 personality test identified significantly higher extroversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability scores in those residents classified as non-low performers. There was no significant difference in conventional metrics or in grit scores between non-low performers and low performers. Our final rank does not correlate well with personality traits of non-low performers. Conclusions The Big 5 test may prove to be a useful adjunct to the traditional residency application in identifying applicants who may become successful in general surgery residency.

Greater surgical experience was found to be associated with reduced early postoperative corneal edema, shorter operative time, and shorter ultrasound time. This suggests that beyond mastering the initial learning curve of phacoemulsification, surgical experience enables faster and safer surgery.

In-transit melanoma represents a distinct disease pattern of heterogeneous superficial tumors. Many treatments have been developed specifically for this type of disease, including regional chemotherapy and a variety of directly injectable agents. Novel strategies include the intralesional delivery of oncolytic viruses and immunocytokines. The combination of intralesional or regional chemotherapy with systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors also is a promising approach. In the current review, we examine the general management of the workup of patients with in-transit disease, the range of available therapies, and recommendations for specific therapies for an individual patient.

Postoperative corneal thickness measurement may therefore become a marker of endothelial damage after phacoemulsification.