A cylindrical-parabolic solar-thermal converter, with 0.5m2 of capture surface, was manufactured and attached to a furnace, constituting an indirect solar dryer. Thermal balances of the elements of the receiver, housed in the focal point of this collector, are settled. A campaign of vacuum tests of this dryer indicated temperatures of the heat-bearing air in natural convection, along the absorber tube (70°C) and inside the drying cage (almost 60°C,on average). The average thermal efficiency of said converter has been evaluated at 50%.The higher the efficiency, the less the converter's capture surface is required and, therefore, less investment is required. These promising results testify to the effective performance of this new dryer compared to dryers with flat collectors, whose efficiencies could not exceed 40% despite the large surface area of these collectors.
Many factors have an influence on the development of compartment fire notably
on its heat release rate as well as on its capability to propagate and
become a flashover situation. The main element which rapidly conveys fire
from a compartment to another is hot smoke flowing out through openings of
the compartment source of fire. The present work aims to experiment the
impact of the variation of heat release rate of the source on the behaviour
of fire. So, five fire tests with different heat release rates were thus
carried out in a reduced scale room. Temperature of burned gases inside the
room, were measured during tests by sensors connected to a data acquisition
system. Results revealed that temperature of burned gases as well as its
content in carbon monoxide, evolves differently according to two ranges of
the incoming air/outgoing gases ratio. The first range of which the ratio is
lower than 2, corresponds to the case where both parameters decrease
rapidly. The second range of which the ratio is higher than 2, corresponds
to the case where both parameters decrease moderately. The transition from
the first to the second range, points out the passing from the
ventilation-controlled fire to the fuel-controlled fire. A relation
expressing the variation of the mass flow rate of outgoing burned gases
according to the heat release rate of the fire source has been given.
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