Mass spectrometry imaging is a technique uniquely suited to localize and identify lipids in a tissue sample. Using an atmospheric pressure (AP-) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source coupled to an Orbitrap Elite, numerous lipid locations and structures can be determined in high mass resolution spectra and at cellular spatial resolution, but careful sample preparation is necessary. We tested 11 protocols on serial brain sections for the commonly used MALDI matrices CHCA, norharmane, DHB, DHAP, THAP, and DAN in combination with tissue washing and matrix additives to determine the lipid coverage, signal intensity, and spatial resolution achievable with AP-MALDI. In positive-ion mode, the most lipids could be detected with CHCA and THAP, while THAP and DAN without additional treatment offered the best signal intensities. In negative-ion mode, DAN showed the best lipid coverage and DHAP performed superiorly for gangliosides. DHB produced intense cholesterol signals in the white matter. One hundred fifty-five lipids were assigned in positive-ion mode (THAP) and 137 in negative-ion mode (DAN), and 76 peaks were identified using on-tissue tandem-MS. The spatial resolution achievable with DAN was 10 μm, confirmed with on tissue line-scans. This enabled the association of lipid species to single neurons in AP-MALDI images. The results show that the performance of AP-MALDI is comparable to vacuum MALDI techniques for lipid imaging.

Inkjet-printed film 1000 0.025 7.7 C m −2 Spin-coated film [12] 930 0.021 8.0 C m −2

Aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) interconnects are of great interest for a variety of electrical applications, such as lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, the effects of thermal and electrical aging on the intermetallic compound growth of laser braze-welded Al-Cu interconnects are reported. Thermal aging was studied in a temperature range from 200 to 500 °C for durations between 1 and 120 h. Electrical aging was studied with 200 A direct current application with different polarities and durations between 1 and 24 h. The formation of intermetallic compounds was found to be dependent on the type of aging and, for electrical aging, on the polarity of the current. The growth of intermetallic compounds under the influence of the electric current was distinctly higher than for thermal annealing conditions. The formation of voids at the transition between intermetallic compounds indicates that electromigration may be the main driving force for the accelerated intermetallic growth.

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Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique uniquely suited to localize and identify lipids in a tissue sample. Using an AP-MALDI UHR source coupled to an Orbitrap Elite, numerous lipid locations and structures can be determined in high mass resolution spectra and at cellular spatial resolution, but careful sample preparation is necessary. We tested 11 protocols on serial brain sections for the commonly used MALDI matrices, CHCA, Norharmane, DHB, DHAP, THAP, and DAN, in combination with tissue washing and matrix additives, to determine the lipid coverage, signal intensity, and spatial resolution achievable with AP-MALDI. In positive ion mode, the most lipids could be detected with CHCA and THAP, while THAP and DAN without additional treatment offered the best signal intensities. In negative ion mode, DAN showed the best lipid coverage and DHAP performed superior for Gangliosides. DHB produced intense cholesterol signals in the white matter. 155 lipids were assigned in positive (THAP), 137 in negative ion mode (DAN) and 76 lipids were identified using on tissue tandem-MS. The spatial resolution achievable with DAN was 10 μm, confirmed with on tissue line-scans. This enabled the association of lipid species to single neurons in AP-MALDI images. The results show that the performance of AP-MALDI is comparable to vacuum MALDI techniques for lipid imaging.Abstract Figure

Transparent Haptics Effectiveness of inkjet printing of piezoelectric thin films for haptic devices is demonstrated in article number 2200147 by Sebastjan Glinsek and co‐workers. A transparent device, based on printed piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate and interdigitated indium tin oxide electrodes, exhibits a standing Lamb wave at 63.3 kHz. At an applied voltage of 100 V, the out‐of‐plane displacement reaches 2 μm, which creates a friction modulation functionality.