Seasonal influenza is an important cause of acute neurological disease in Australian children. The spectrum of seasonal IAND appears similar to that described during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. IAE is associated with high morbidity and mortality.

Subepithelial fibrosis commonly occurs in children with EE and is associated with increased age and length of symptoms. We propose that along with mucosal eosinophilic infiltration the presence of subepithelial fibrosis is a feature of EE.

There is a role for selective SMA cannulation and urokinase thrombolysis in the management of patients with acute SMA thrombosis.

Influenza diagnosis by POCT was quicker and reduced LOS of hospitalised children, whereas negative results delayed diagnosis. Negative POCT should not alter usual investigations if influenza remains suspected. A controlled prospective study during the influenza season is needed to clarify the direct benefits of POCT.