Differences in group cohesion, trust, attraction, and perceptions of feedback were evaluated due to interpersonal feedback which varied in valence, response mode, and directness. Seventy-two undergraduates were randomly assigned to groups of eight subjects each to meet once for a two-hour session. Groups completed exercises designed to build intimacy for one hour, and then groups were randomly assigned to exchange interpersonal feedback which varied in the following ways: (1) positive valence, verbal feedback; (2) positive valence, fantasized or nonverbal feedback; (3) negative valence, verbal feedback; or (4) negative feedback, nonverbal feedback. In addition, feedback varied within each group as to whether it was advice, interpretive, behavioral, or emotional in response mode with two subjects in each group delivering each type of feedback. Results indicated that while response mode did not effect feedback ratings or cohesion ratings, the valence of the feedback effected each measure. In addition, fantasizing feedback can heighten effects of the feedback on trust, leading to greater trust for positive feedback and less trust with fantasizing negative feedback.
Studies of university outreach programs have reported on recruiting efforts, adult education, extension courses, etc. There appears to be no research on interaction of academic institutions and multi-ethnic communities, or of students' involvement in community affairs. This study investigated awareness of cross-cultural issues of students and community leaders. 119 students in a Southern California university, departments of Education, Pan-African Studies, Psychology, and Sociology and 19 local community leaders responded to a questionnaire asking about awareness of issues, perceived role of the university, and knowledge of leaders in each sector. Students identified fewer issues than community leaders; community leaders foresaw a larger role for the university. Neither group recognized leaders of the other. Possible responses by the university to identified concerns are considered.
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