SUMMARYEffects of combinations of insecticides and herbicides on the growth and yield of cauliflower plants (cvs No. 110, Garant and Strong) were determined in two field experiments with seed drilled to give a stand of c. 300000 plants/ha. Granular formulations of chlorfenvinphos or fonofos were applied by the bow‐wave method at 2 kg a.i./ha to control cabbage root fly (Delia brassicae). Weeds were successfully controlled with combinations of trifluralin, incorporated into the soil at 0·6 or 1·2 kg a.i./ha before drilling, and propachlor, applied pre‐emergence at 2·2 or 4·4 kg a.i./ha. Fonofos, with and without herbicides, significantly lessened (P < 0·01) numbers of seedlings that would survive to harvest. Herbicides and chlorfenvinphos generally did not significantly affect the emergence of healthy seedlings of any cultivar. Combinations of herbicides and chlorfenvinphos were compatible for control of target species. Chlorfenvinphos reduced root damage by at least 50% but did not significantly increase (P > 0·05) the total or marketable weight of curds. Numbers of curds were not usually affected and consistent effects of treatments on maturation periods of the three cultivars were not detected.
The genitalia and reproductive organs of a normal and of an abnormal type of cabbage root fly (Delia brassicae (Wied.)) are described. The abnormal type, possessing incomplete genitalia, was found in the Wellesbourne laboratory culture. The abnormal females were sexually attractive to males but were unable to copulate or lay eggs, whereas the abnormal males copulated but did not inseminate females. The age of females at oviposition and both larval and adult diets influenced the number of abnormal flies in subsequent generations.
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