Background: Female soccer has grown tremendously in the last decade. Studies have suggested that female soccer players are more susceptible to injuries than their male counterparts, and their vulnerability is due mainly to intrinsic factors such as their anatomical and physiological structure. Objectives: To establish factors associated with soccer injuries among first-division Rwandan female soccer players. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate factors associated with injuries among soccer players. Results: Almost half of the 300 participants (45%) indicated having been injured in the three seasons prior to the study. More than half (52.6%) were recurrent injuries. The ankle was the most common body part injured. Intrinsic factors associated with injuries were age, excessive ankle range of motion, pre-menstrual symptoms, and previous injury (p-value < 0.05). Extrinsic factors associated with injuries were use of oral contraceptive pills, (OCP), competition level, use of protective equipment, and player's position. Conclusions: The large number of recurring injuries was notable, emphasizing the importance of prevention strategies and access to adequately trained medical personnel as research has shown a significant reduction in the prevalence of recurring injuries after the introduction of effective prevention programmes.
Previous studies have identified that Nyamasheke District in Rwanda is highly vulnerable to soil erosion. This has led to a loss of fertile soil, with a high level of land degradation. Nevertheless, the district's spatial and temporal sensitivity to soil erosion remains unknown in different specific parts of the district. This study aimed to analyze spatial soil erosion sensitivity and mapping of vulnerable areas to soil erosion in the district. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model integrated within a GIS environment was used to estimate annual soil loss for the district. The RUSLE factors were derived from a 30 m resolution digital elevation model, digital soil map of the world, monthly rainfall records from 20 stations within and around the district, and Landsat7/ETM + and Landsat8/OLI imagery. Annual soil loss change was statistically analyzed using an empirical model in the district. The results showed a decreasing trend in soil erosion over time, with the highest annual soil losses estimated at 92.4, 16.1, and 15.1
Background: Cancer and its treatment are linked to a variety of physical complications. Physiotherapy is recommended as the treatment of choice for improving cancer patients' physical function and quality of life. All patients with cancer and rehabilitation needs at Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) don’t receive physiotherapy services. There is little information available about the factors influencing health workers' decisions to refer patients with cancer for physiotherapy rehabilitation in underdeveloped countries, particularly Uganda. This study aimed to determine barriers and facilitators to the referral of patients with cancer for physiotherapy rehabilitation at UCI. Methods: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was adopted. In-depth interviews were performed with 12 Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) health professionals who were chosen using a convenience sampling approach. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the results. The UCI Research Ethical Committee granted ethical approval. Results: Participants reported that facilitators to the referral of patients with cancer for physiotherapy rehabilitation included, but were not limited to; inter-professional communication, clinical characteristics and positive outcomes of physiotherapy. On the other hand, hindering factors included; a knowledge gap, understaffing of physiotherapists, advanced cancer complications, and many more. Conclusion: Doctors and nurses at UCI appreciate the role of physiotherapy in cancer management. A limited knowledge on the assessment of patients with cancer for rehabilitation needs and limited physiotherapy staffing constrains the referral of patients with cancer for physiotherapy rehabilitation at UCI.
Five thermal springs, twelve non-thermal springs, and two lake water samples from the northwestern part of Rwanda were studied to assess their chemical characteristics and infer the formation mechanism of the thermal waters. Multicomponent mineral equilibrium (MME) geothermometer calculations at Gisenyi prospects with the highest in situ measured temperature (73.1°C) showed the reservoir temperature of 90±6°C. The MME temperature estimates agreed well with Silica-based, K-Mg and Mg-Li geothermometers while the other cation geothermometers (Na-K, Na-K-Ca, Na-K-Ca-Mg, and Na-Li) results are unreliable. Most of the non-thermal springs are Ca-Mg-HCO 3 water-type while the thermal spring waters were majorly Na-HCO 3 . The δD composition varied from -16.6 to -5.9‰ and from -11.8 to -5.0‰, while the δ 18 O ranged from -4.17 to -3.5‰ and -4.32 to -2.7‰, for thermal and non-thermal springs, respectively. All isotopic ratios scattered around the meteoric water lines, thus indicating their similar meteoric origin. In addition, there was no observable δ 18 O positive shift speculating less extent of water-rock interactions while geogenic CO 2 ingress into the waters has been ascertained by both isotopic and chemical component ratios. We proposed a circulation mechanism of the thermal waters for the study area.
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