Abstract. In this paper, we present and analyze a novel global database of soil infiltration measurements, the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG) database. In total, 5023 infiltration curves were collected across all continents in the SWIG database. These data were either provided and quality checked by the scientists who performed the experiments or they were digitized from published articles. Data from 54 different countries were included in the database with major contributions from Iran, China, and the USA. In addition to its extensive geographical coverage, the collected infiltration curves cover research from 1976 to late 2017. Basic information on measurement location and method, soil properties, and land use was gathered along with the infiltration data, making the database valuable for the development of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for estimating soil hydraulic properties, for the evaluation of infiltration measurement methods, and for developing and validating infiltration models. Soil textural information (clay, silt, and sand content) is available for 3842 out of 5023 infiltration measurements (∼ 76%) covering nearly all soil USDA textural classes except for the sandy clay and silt classes. Information on land use is available for 76 % of the experimental sites with agricultural land use as the dominant type (∼ 40%). We are convinced that the SWIG database will allow for a better parameterization of the infiltration process in land surface models and for testing infiltration models. All collected data and related soil characteristics are provided online in *.xlsx and *.csv formats for reference, and we add a disclaimer that the database is for public domain use only and can be copied freely by referencing it. Supplementary data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.885492 (Rahmati et al., 2018). Data quality assessment is strongly advised prior to any use of this database. Finally, we would like to encourage scientists to extend and update the SWIG database by uploading new data to it.
Organic matter plays an important role in many soil properties, and for that reason it is necessary to identify management systems which maintain or increase its concentrations. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality and quantity of organic C in different compartments of the soil fraction in different Amazonian ecosystems. The soil organic matter (FSOM) was fractionated and soil C stocks were estimated in primary forest (PF), pasture (P), secondary succession (SS) and an agroforestry system (AFS).
RESUMOEstudou-se os atributos físicos, hídricos e químicos de um Latossolo sob sistema de agroflorestal na região Amazônica. O solo foi descrito morfologicamente e amostras com estrutura deformada foram coletadas para caracterização física e química. A análise das propriedades hidráulicas foi realizada a partir de amostras indeformadas coletadas a cada camada de 0,10 m até 1,00 m de profundidade com 5 repetições para determinação da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado (K o ) pelo método do permeâmetro de carga decrescente e determinação das curvas de retenção (φ m (θ)), utilizando as tensões de 1, 2 e 4 kPa (funis de placa porosa) e 10, 30, 50, 100, 500 e 1500 kPa (câmaras de pressão com placa porosa). As demais análises foram realizadas até 1,50 m de profundidade. Os valores de Ko nas camadas apresentaram grande homogeneidade estando compreendido entre 2,22 a 3,20 cm dia -1 , sendo relacionados com variação da densidade do solo e porosidade. A retenção hídrica demonstra que o solo tem a capacidade de reter elevada quantidade de água, mesmo quando submetido a elevados potenciais, indicando uma baixa disponibilidade para as plantas. As curvas de retenção não apresentaram um bom ajuste pela equação de van Genuchten , sugerindo uma distribuição de poros bimodal. PALAVRAS-CHAVECondutividade hidráulica saturada, curva de retenção, atributos do solo, latossolo. θ)), using the tensions of 1, 2 and 4 kPa (porous plate funnels) and 10, 30, 50, 100, 500 and 1500 kPa (porous plate pressure cells Study of physical, chemical and hydric parameter of a xanthic ferralsol in the Amazon region.
-The soil carbon under Amazonian forests has an important roles in global changing, making information on the soil content and depths of these stocks are considerable interest in efforts to quantify soil carbon emissions to the atmosphere.This study quantified the content and soil organic carbon stock under primary forest up to 2 m depth, at different topographic positions, at Cuieiras Biological Reserve, Manaus/ ZF2, km 34, in the Central Amazon, evaluating the soil attributes that may influence the permanence of soil carbon. Soil samples were collected along a transect of 850 m on topographic gradient Oxisol (plateau), Ultisol (slope) and Spodosol (valley). The stocks of soil carbon were obtained by multiplying the carbon content, soil bulk density and trickiness of soil layers. The watershed was delimited by using STRM and IKONOS images and the carbon contend obtained in the transects was extrapolated as a way to evaluate the potential for carbon stocks in an area of 2678.68 ha. The total SOC was greater in Oxisol followed by Spodosol and Ultisol. It was found direct correlations between the SOC and soil physical attributes. Among the clay soils (Oxisol and Ultisol), the largest stocks of carbon were observed in Oxisol at both the transect (90 to 175.5 Mg C ha -1 ) as the level of watershed (100.2 to 195.2 Mg C ha -1 ). The carbon stocks under sandy soil (Spodosol) was greater to clay soils along the transect (160-241 Mg C ha -1 ) and near them in the Watershed (96.90 to 146.01 Mg C ha -1 ).Keywords: Carbon; Soil physical properties; Amazonian forest. CARBONO ORGÂNICO DO SOLO, ESTOQUE DE CARBONO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS SOB SOLOS FLORESTAIS NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRALRESUMO -O carbono do solo sob floresta amazônica tem um papel importante na mudança global, tornando as informações sobre os teores de carbono e profundidades desses estoques são de grande interesse no esforço de quantificar as emissoes de carbono do solo para a atmosfera. Este estudo quantificou os teores e estoques de carbono orgânico do solo sob floresta primária até 2 m de profundidade, em diferentes posições topográficas, na Reserva Biológica do Cueiras, Manaus/ZF2, km34, na Amazônia Central; avaliando-se os atributos do solo que podem influenciar na permanência do carbono no solo. Coletaram-se amostras de solos ao longo de um transecto de 850 m num gradiente topográfico Latossolo (platô), Argissolo (vertente) e Espodossolo (baixio). Os estoques de carbono do solo foram obtidos multiplicando a concentração de carbono pela densidade do solo e espessura de camadas do solo. Delimitou-se uma microbacia hidrográfica através de imagens STRM e IKONOS extrapolando-se os teores de carbono obtidos no transecto como forma de avaliar o potencial de estocagem de carbono em uma área de 2.678,68 ha. O total de COS foi maior no Latossolo seguido
Variações do Carbono orgâniCo dissolVido e de atributos FísiCos do solo... instalaram-se extratores de solução do solo para coleta e análise do C da solução na fase orgânica durante um ciclo hidrológico. as concentrações médias de C orgânico dissolvido (Cod) na solução do solo seguiram a ordem saF ou sucessão secundária > floresta (platô) > pastagem (períodos seco e chuvoso-seco), exceto nos períodos chuvoso e seco-chuvoso, em que a pastagem iguala ou ultrapassa as concentrações de Cod dos outros ambientes em determinadas profundidades. os resultados demonstraram a capacidade do saF e sucessão secundária em recuperar e, ou, disponibilizar o C na solução do solo, sendo formas de utilização do solo recomendadas para manter o C no ambiente terrestre. o Cod apresentou variação temporal, espacial e em profundidade, decrescendo nesta última. a ação da estruturação do solo, representada pela agregação, C orgânico total (Cot) e porosidade, exerce grande influência nas concentrações de Cod nas camadas do solo e, aliada à matéria orgânica mais lábil do solo, determinam a(1) Parte da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor, apresentada ao Curso de Pós graduação em ecologia, instituto nacional de Pesquisas da amazônia -inPa. bolsista CnPq. recebido para publicação em 7 de outubro de 2010 e aprovado em 27 de janeiro de 2012. (2) Professor do instituto Federal de educação, Ciência e tecnologia do amazonas -iFaM. diretoria de ensino superior-des. av.sete de setembro 1975, aleixo, CeP 69020-120 Manaus (aM).
Abstract. In this paper, we present and analyze a global database of soil infiltration measurements, the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG) database, for the first time. In total, 5023 infiltration curves were collected across all continents in the SWIG database. These data were either provided and quality checked by the scientists who performed the experiments or they were digitized from published articles. Data from 54 different countries were included in the database with major contributions from Iran, China, and USA. In addition to its global spatial coverage, the collected infiltration curves cover a time span of research from 1976 to late 2017. Basic information on measurement location and method, soil properties, and land use were gathered along with the infiltration data, which makes the database valuable for the development of pedo-transfer functions for estimating soil hydraulic properties, for the evaluation of infiltration measurement methods, and for developing and validating infiltration models. Soil textural information (clay, silt, and sand content) is available for 3842 out of 5023 infiltration measurements (~76 %) covering nearly all soil USDA textural classes except for the sandy clay and silt classes. Information on the land use is available for 76 % of experimental sites with agricultural land use as the dominant type (~40 %). We are convinced that the SWIG database will allow for a better parameterization of the infiltration process in land surface models and for testing infiltration models. All collected data and related soil characteristics are provided online in *.xlsx and *.csv formats for reference, and we add a disclaimer that the database is for use by public domain only and can be copied freely by referencing it. Supplementary data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.885492. Data quality assessment is strongly advised prior to any use of this database. Finally, we would like to encourage scientists to extend/update the SWIG by uploading new data to it.
O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar dois métodos de laboratório para a determinação da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturada (Ko) conhecidos como Permeâmetro de carga constante (PCC) e Permeâmetro de carga decrescente (PCD), com o intuito de verificar sua aplicabilidade e variabilidade em solos amazônicos. Coletaram-se 125 amostras de solo com estrutura indeformada, através de amostrador tipo Uhland, com anéis volumétricos, de 0,072 m de altura e 0,069 m de diâmetro, devido à variabilidade apresentada pelas determinações de tal parâmetro. Nos mesmos pontos de amostragens da Ko, procedeu-se coleta de anéis volumétricos para a determinação da porosidade do solo. Ainda nesses pontos foram coletadas amostras com estrutura deformada para análises físicas e químicas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o método do PCC foi o mais apropriado para a classe dos Latossolos estudados, apresentando os menores coeficientes de variação e desvio padrão ao longo da topossequência. Os valores de Ko estiveram distribuídos entre P1(2,65 à 3,34 cm dia-1), P2(2,85 à 3,38 cm dia-1), P3(2,86 à 3,63 cm dia-1), P4(2,75 à 3,49 cm dia-1), P5(2,38 à 3,83 cm dia-1) e P6 (2,47 à 3,52 cm dia-1); havendo uma tendência para maiores valores de Ko na superficie. A utilização de Ko como parâmetro de análise hídrica em solos porosos na superfície e muito argilosos em profundidade, como os amazônicos, necessita ser realizada com precaução, evitando a interrupção da continuidade dos poros e compactação da amostra. Mudanças na condutividade hidráulica saturada estiveram mais relacionadas a alterações nas propriedades físicas do solo e posição no relevo do que nas alterações das coberturas vegetais ao longo da topossequência.
Volumetric soil water content (theta) can be evaluated in the field by direct or indirect methods. Among the direct, the gravimetric method is regarded as highly reliable and thus often preferred. Its main disadvantages are that sampling and laboratory procedures are labor intensive, and that the method is destructive, which makes resampling of a same point impossible. Recently, the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique has become a widely used indirect, non-destructive method to evaluate theta. In this study, evaluations of the apparent dielectric number of soils (epsilon) and samplings for the gravimetrical determination of the volumetric soil water content (thetaGrav) were carried out at four sites of a Xanthic Ferralsol in Manaus - Brazil. With the obtained epsilon values, theta was estimated using empirical equations (thetaTDR), and compared with thetaGrav derived from disturbed and undisturbed samples. The main objective of this study was the comparison of thetaTDR estimates of horizontally as well as vertically inserted probes with the thetaGrav values determined by disturbed and undisturbed samples. Results showed that thetaTDR estimates of vertically inserted probes and the average of horizontally measured layers were only slightly and insignificantly different. However, significant differences were found between the thetaTDR estimates of different equations and between disturbed and undisturbed samples in the thetaGrav determinations. The use of the theoretical Knight et al. model, which permits an evaluation of the soil volume assessed by TDR probes, is also discussed. It was concluded that the TDR technique, when properly calibrated, permits in situ, nondestructive measurements of q in Xanthic Ferralsols of similar accuracy as the gravimetric method.
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