The influence of hemodialysis on plasma fenofibric acid kinetics has been investigated in patients with chronic renal failure given 300 mg of fenofibrate in a single oral dose. A very pronounced lengthening of the fenofibric acid plasma decay was observed in both hemodialyzed (n = 6) and nonhemodialyzed (n = 9) patients. Hemodialysis did not modify the plasma levels and the ultrafiltrates contained very small amounts of fenofibric acid. The repeated daily administration of 100 mg of fenofibrate during 2 weeks in 5 renal patients on regular hemodialysis resulted in increasing plasma levels and led to progressive cumulation of fenofibric acid. Plasma fenofibric acid conjugates could not be detected. No particular clinical side effects or increase of CPK, GOT, GPT were be observed.
Two studies by Johnson‐Laird (1968 a, b) were guided by the notion that the function of the passive is to emphasize the importance of the logical object (LO) by placing it in the grammatical subject position. However, the a priori meaning assigned to the subjects' responses implied that ‘importance’ attaches to the entity which is represented by the larger area in a coloured strip. It will be shown that this is merely one of two possible interpretations for it may just as easily be argued that importance attaches to the narrower area which might be regarded as representing the focal point of the new information imparted by the sentence. In the present study, subjects were required to refer sentences which involved a clear distinction between given and new information to different types of coloured figures. Pattern of responses clearly shows that subjects were more likely to refer a particular sentence to the figure in which the colour stressed in the assertional focus of the sentence is physically the less important. Present data as well as Johnson‐Laird's are thus interpreted as supporting the recent view according to which the logical subject (LS) is really that which is emphasized in passives as the assertional focus while the LO is presuppositional.
Summary
In the experiments reported, Ss were asked to name as quickly as possible a series of objects presented on slides. There were 50 different objects chosen so that their names allowed the constitution of 25 pairs of highly associated words. The Ss of Group I had to retrieve the second word of each pair immediately after the first one, whilst in Group II (control condition) the objects were randomly presented. Pattern of responses indicates that retrieval time for a particular word is strongly shortened when it is associated with the word named at the preceding item. To the Ss of Group III the slides were randomly presented as for Group II, except for 5 pairs which were kept togelher and inserted at carions positions in the series. As regards to the names of objects occurring in the 2d positions of these 5 pairs, time reduction is very significant for 3 of them, although smaller than in Group I. Thus, retrieval time is shortened even when the cooccurrence of the associated items is unexpected. This suggests that the effect may not be entirely attributable to response anticipation, but at leasl partially to the intersection between successive retrieval processes, made possible by the recall of some common memory traces.
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