Background
Prescription drug abuse in the United States and elsewhere in the world is increasing at an alarming rate with non-medical opioid use, in particular, increasing to epidemic proportions over the past two decades. It is imperative to identify those most likely to develop opioid abuse or dependence to inform large-scale, targeted prevention efforts.
Methods
The present investigation utilized a large commercial insurance claims database to identify demographic, mental health, physical health, and healthcare service utilization variables that differentiate persons who receive an opioid abuse or dependence diagnosis within two years of filling an opioid prescription (OUDs) from those who do not receive such a diagnosis within the same time frame (non-OUDs).
Results
When compared to non-OUDs, OUDs were more likely to: 1) be male (59.9% vs. 44.2% for non-OUDs) and younger (M=37.9 vs. 47.7); 2) have a prescription history of more opioids (1.7 vs. 1.2), and more days supply of opioids (M=272.5, vs. M=33.2; 3) have prescriptions filled at more pharmacies (M=3.3 per year vs. M=1.3); 4) have greater rates of psychiatric disorders; 5) utilize more medical and psychiatric services; and 6) be prescribed more concomitant medications. A predictive model incorporating these findings was 79.5% concordant with actual OUDs in the data set.
Conclusions
Understanding correlates of OUD development can help to predict risk and inform prevention efforts.
This commentary describes the significance of faculty citizenship in the broader context of institutional culture and defines faculty citizenship for use across all aspects of faculty roles in the Academy. The definition includes two key components (engagement and collegiality) that can be used to measure citizenship behaviors. Continued discussion and study of faculty citizenship will further the Academy's understanding and use of the concept.
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