An experiment was conducted to examine factors that moderate the experience of academic identity threat among college athletes who represent a stigmatized group on most college campuses (Yopyk & Prentice, 2005). It was hypothesized that because they are more engaged in academics, female college athletes would be especially threatened by the prospect of confirming the “dumb-jock” stereotype. As predicted, female college athletes performed more poorly when their athletic and academic identities were explicitly linked, but only on moderately difficult test items. The results also revealed that male college athletes performed significantly better (see stereotype reactance and self-affirmation) on more difficult test items when only their athletic identity was primed prior to the test. This is an important finding as there is little research on the impact of positive stereotypes on performance. The discussion focuses on the different motivational processes (i.e. self-affirmation) that impact the academic performance of male and female college athletes when aspects of their campus identity are primed within a classroom context.
Les femmes musulmanes sont considerees conventionnellement y compris par les hommes musulmans comme des croyants de deuxieme ordre qu'e/les soient vues com me des agents capables de contourner et de manipuler les pratiques islamiques ou qu'e/les soient vues com me des victimes consententes. L'artide attire /'attention sur une tradition musulmane d(f/Crente. celle desfemmes pieuses. et parfois savantes, impliquees dans les activites religieuses. Les aut res analysent /'oeuvre des femmes savantes de Sokoto qui ontfonde il y a 125 ans une organisation de femmes qui a survecu jusqu'a nos jours. L'artide suggere que ce phenomene n'est pas propre a Sokoto et que parmi /esfemmes musulmanes en Afrique les mouvements islamiques r~formistes d'aujourd'hui peuvent s'inspirer de cet exemple historique.
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