<p>The present study aims at comparing <em>in-vitro </em>scavenging activities of methanol extract and fractions of <em>Lophira lanceolata</em> leaves, and also to study the oral acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction.</p><p>Petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions were prepared from the methanol extract of the plant. The scavenging activity of DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), the total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents of the extract and fractions were determined by spectrophotometrical methods using gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (Qu) as reference antioxidant. The fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), fifty percent effective concentration (EC₅₀) and the antiradical power (ARP) were determined for all extract and fractions. An acute toxicity study using a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg of the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant was conducted in female Albino rats following the OECD (420) Guidelines. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Histopathological examinations of the heart, kidney and liver were performed.</p><p>The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of <em>L</em>.<em> lanceolata</em> had the highest free radical scavenging activity of DPPH (IC₅₀=1,43; EC₅₀= 0.07 and ARP = 14,28)  and also contain the highest amount of total phenols (14,4±0,02 mg of GA equivalent/g of plant fraction) and total flavonoids (93,3±0,04 mg of Qu equivalent/g of plant fraction) as compared to other fractions and ascorbic acid (IC₅₀=5,82; EC₅₀= 3.44; ARP=3,44). The hematological parameters and the lipid profile didn’t show any major change compared to the control group. However, a significant increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, p&lt;0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, p&lt;0.001) showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of <em>L</em>.<em> lanceolata </em>leaves might not totally be safe for consumption, in the conditions of our experiment.</p>

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Purpose: The objective of this study is to compare the hematological and biochemical parameters in women with those of their newborns in order to assess the impact of the nutritional status of the former on the latter. Study Design: A cross sectional and prospective study. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 83 women who came to give birth in the hospitals of Abobo Sud (from April 3 to 20, 2017) and Yopougon Attié (from December 19, 2017 to January 18, 2018). The recruitment was based on their consent and according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The blood, taken from the elbow’s vein of the women in labor and in the umbilical cord after childbirth, is put in suitable tubes for the assays of the blood parameters. Results: The results showed that 29% of women in childbirth and 41% of newborns were anemic with the occurrence of almost all forms of anemia such as Normochromic Normocytic Anaemia (ANN), Normochromic Microcytic Anaemia (ANm) and Hypochromic Normocytic Anaemia (AHN), in both groups. The glycemia and lipid parameters studied as well as the atherogenicity indices were increased in women during childbirth, unlike newborns. Regarding hepatic and renal parameters, no significant differences were observed in total proteins, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin between women and newborns. However, the other parameters such as creatinine, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and conjugated bilirubin were elevated in newborns. As for the blood ion levels, the results showed high levels of calcium and potassium in newborns and high levels of chlorine in women. Conclusion: Women nutritional status significantly influences that of their newborn babies.

The leaves of Moringa oleifera have exceptional nutritional qualities and are used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases including anemia. This study is to propose a formulation for the optimal use of M. oleifera leaf powder in the treatment of anemia in rats. Phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 2 days to induce anemia in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The animals were divided into six groups of 6 rats each and treated orally from day D2 to D28. Rats groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were treated orally, respectively with 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg of M. oleifera aqueous extract of leaves (AEMo) and Ranferon ® . Groups 5 and 6 were fed ad libitum with diets containing 50% (P50) and 100% (P100) of M. oleifera leaves as a substitute for soybean meal, respectively. Red blood cell (RBC) parameters such as RBCs, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed on days D0, D2, D5, D14 and D28. Results showed a prevalence of 0% in anemic rats treated with P50, AEMo 1600 mg/kg and Ranferon ® versus 16.67% in those treated with P100, AEMo 400 and 800 mg/kg at D28. In addition, P50, AEMo 1600 mg/kg and Ranferon ® significantly (p ˂ 0.001) increased RBCs, Hb, Ht with total recovery especially RBCs and Ht in anemic rats treated with P50 and Ranferon ® . In conclusion, the incorporation in small quantities of M. oleifera leaf powder as a substitute for soybean meal has a better efficacy on anemia than the total leaf extract of the same plant.