Objective: The aim of this study was to determine maternal and perinatal complications of pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia in three tertiary care centers in Cameroon. Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross sectional study from the 1 st of June 2012 to the 31 th of June 2014, among pregnant women with severe preeclampsia followed up in three tertiary level hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon: the Yaoundé General Hospital, the Yaoundé Central Hospital, and the Yaoundé University Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using EPI 3.5.5. Data were described as means ± standard deviation, percentages and numbers. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used where appropriate. Results: Of the 2500 deliveries registered during the study period, 111 cases (8.49%) were managed as severe preeclampsia. Four patients refused to participate and were excluded from the study. Most of these patients were non workers (58.0%), pauciparous (61.7%) and young (median age of 27.47 years ± 6.46). Eclampsia (12.14%), abruptio placentae (11.21%) and hypertensive retinopathy (7.47%) were the most frequent maternal complications. Two cases (1.86%) of maternal deaths occurred in patients who had eclampsia. Prematurity (48.6%), intra uterine fetal death (13.1%) and oligoamnios (11.2%) were the most frequent fetal complications. All four neonatal deaths occurred in women in whom the diagnosis of severe preeclampsia was done between 28 and 33 weeks of gestation. Conclusion: Pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia had significantly high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Cameroon. The complications of severe preeclampsia can be prevented by more widespread * Corresponding author. J. D. K. Ngowa et al. 724 use of antenatal care, education of primary medical care personnel, prompt diagnosis of high-risk patients and timely referral to tertiary medical centers.
IntroductionApproximately 2.5 million children below 15 years are infected with the HIV virus, with 90% in sub-Saharan Africa. The Yaounde Gynaeco-obstetric and Pediatric hospital has been a treatment center for HIV since 2006. The aim of this study was to analyze the baseline demographic, clinical and immunologic characteristics of the children with the HIV infection in this hospital.MethodsIt was a retrospective, cross- sectional and analytic study, carried out between January and April 2011 which included 61 HIV positive children aged 0-15 years. The socio-demographic, clinical and immunologic data were obtained from their medical records.ResultsMost (52.5%) of the children studied were above 60 months of age with a mean age of 71 months. Most (57.4%) were females. Mother-to-child transmission was the principal mode of contamination in 88.5% of cases. More than half of their mothers (55.7%) did not receive antiretroviral prophylaxis during pregnancy and labor. Common clinical findings included prolonged fever (44.6%), malnutrition (37.6%), lymphadenopathy (34.4%), respiratory tract infections (34.4%) and diarrhea (24.5%). Diagnosis was confirmed by HIV serology for most of the patients (93.4%). Polymerase chain reaction served as method of diagnosis in only 6.6% of the cases. HIV 1 was the predominant viral type. More than half of the children (52.5%) were seen at an advanced stage of the disease.ConclusionHIV screening during pregnancy and prevention of mother-to-child transmission should be reinforced in this context, and fathers of HIV-infected children should be encouraged to go for HIV testing.
Background: Acute poisoning is one of the possible accidents in a child's life. It is quite recurrent, intentional or not depending to the age group, with some being lethal. The epidemiology of poisoning in children is not well established in our setting. Hence, we judged important to take stock of this situation. Method: This retrospective study was centred on epidemiologic characteristics and clinical findings in children hospitalised for non-food-related household poisoning from 2011 to 2015. Results: A greater proportion of patients were aged below 5 years (88.8%), with 42.7% within the age range of 12 to 24 months. The most incriminated toxic substances were hydrocarbon derivatives (39.3%), followed by drugs (20.2%), household clean-up products (12.4%). Exposition to toxic substances was mainly at parents' residence (88.8%). The peak frequencies were between 9 and 10 am, and between 7 and 8 pm. It was noticed that measures like giving of milk (31.5%), palm oil (20.2%) were used by parents before seeking medical care, in order to relieve the patients. Predominant clinical findings on admission were digestive (64%), respiratory (44.9%) and neurologic (40.4%). In general, the evolution was favourable (96.0%), with only 1.2% of deaths recorded. The onset of complications (p=0.041) and period of hospitalisation (p=0.001) was dependent on the nature of the toxic substance. Conclusion: Acute poisoning is a non-negligible clinical entity in our setting. Parent sensitization on the risks of exposure to hydrocarbon derivatives, drugs and other household toxic substances could avert the suffering and death in children.
IntroductionCette étude dont le but était d’évaluer la contribution de l’électroencéphalogramme (EEG) en neurologie pédiatrique et de déterminer les indications pertinentes chez l’enfant de 0 à 15ans.MéthodesIl s’agit d’une étude rétrospective et descriptive réalisée au laboratoire d’électroencéphalographie de l’Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé du 1er novembre 2011 au 15 mars 2012.RésultatsL’âge moyen des patients était de 70.2 mois avec des extrêmes de 0 et 180 mois. Le sexe ratio était de 1.04. Cent quatre vingt treize des 500 tracés de veille étaient anormaux 41 des 114 tracés de sommeil étaient anormaux et 78 des 500 tracés réalisés présentaient un rythme de fond ralenti pour l’âge. Cent cinquante tracés présentaient des anomalies épileptiques dont 81 focales, 35 multifocales et 34 des anomalies généralisées. Sur les 137 patients dont l’EEG était compatible avec une épilepsie, le lobe temporal était le plus souvent le siège d’anomalies épileptiques avec des épilepsies temporales et des épilepsies à pointes centro-temporales, venaient ensuite le lobe frontal, les épilepsies généralisées, les épilepsies du lobe occipital et l’hypsarythmie. Chez 13 des 150 patients avec des anomalies épileptiques à l’EEG, les anomalies retrouvées ne rentraient pas dans le cadre d’un syndrome épileptique particulier. Lorsque l’épilepsie était connue, la probabilité d’avoir un tracé EEG anormal était 1,44 fois plus élevée (OR=1.44 (0.83-2.52) même si la corrélation n’était pas statistiquement significative (p=0.1). En revanche lorsque l’épilepsie était suspectée, il y avait 3.43 fois plus de risques d’avoir un tracé anormal (OR=3.43 (2.27-5.18) avec une corrélation statistiquement significative (p< ;0.05). Les convulsions fébriles, les mouvements anormaux, le retard psychomoteur, les troubles déficitaires de l’attention avec hyperinésie, la perte de connaissance et les troubles du langage n’étaient pas significativement corrélés avec un risque accru d’avoir un EEG anormal.ConclusionL’EEG a un rôle aussi bien dans la confirmation et la caractérisation de divers syndromes épileptiques et suspicions d’épilepsie que dans la discrimination des manifestations paroxystiques non épileptiques chez l’enfant. Les renseignements cliniques sont indispensables pour une lecture optimale du tracé.
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