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, 0.135∼0.541 respectively. In order to achieve high Rayleigh numbers, the heat transfer experiments were replaced by mass transfer experiments based on the heat and mass transfer analogy. A sulfuric acid-copper sulfate (H 2 SO4-CuSO 4 ) electroplating system was adopted as the mass transfer system. The experimental results agreed well with the Rayleigh-Benard natural convection correlations of Dropkin and Somerscales and Globe and Dropkin. When compared with the standard Rayleigh-Benard problem, the cooling by the side wall is even higher than the top. For a shorter height, the interaction between the heated and cooled plumes increases due to decrease of the height. Thus, the heat transfer increases.

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