The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional value of three leguminous trees heavily selected by goats in a xerophilous shrubland. Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of leaves and pods from leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), mesquite (Prosopis laevigata), and huisache (Acacia farnesiana) is presented. Crude protein (CP) ranged from 17.3% for leaves of huisache to 21.9% for leucaena. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content ranged from 39.0 to 40.3 with no difference among fodder threes. Across tree species, mean IVDMD was 61.6% for pods and 52.2% for leaves. IVDMD for leaves was highest (p < 0.01) for leucaena (54.9%) and lowest for huisache (47.3%). Condensed tannins in an acetonic extract were highest for leaves of huisache (45.3 mg CE/g DM) and lowest for mesquite (25.9 mg CE/g DM). Pods and leaves of huisache presented the highest number of secondary metabolites, mainly related to hydroxybenzoic acid and flavonols; leucaena and mesquite presented mainly flavonols and anthocyanins. It was concluded that leaves and pods of leucaena, mesquite, and huisache constitute valuable forages for ruminant livestock due to their low fiber, high CP levels, moderate in vitro fermentation characteristics and high mineral content.
Agriculture in the 21th century faces the challenge of sustainable food production in a scenario of climate change. While highly caloric processed foods increase, there is a deficiency of micronutrients, fiber and good quality protein. Sustainable use of plants with wide adaptation to harsh environments can help to improve human diet. A remarkable genus for its wide adaptation, mainly in arid lands, is Dasylirion. It comprises a group of plants commonly called sotoles, broadly distributed in arid zones of Mexico and Southern United States. The use of this wild, albeit cultivable plant, is mainly for production of an alcoholic spirit called sotol. The study of the nutritional content of Dasylirion seeds can give an added use to this genus. The purpose of this research was to assess the nutritional quality of the seeds of an abundant species of this group, D. cedrosanum. Bromatological and mineral analyses were performed in populations from the states of Coahuila and Zacatecas, in Mexico. Samples were taken from three locations, with the harvest of the seeds three plants per site and triplicate determinations with whole wheat flour control. The sotol flour had higher protein content (27.7 %), 7 times more fat (18.4 %) and 10 times more fiber (16.2 %) than wheat flour. Additionally, sotol flour had 35 times more Ca, six times more Fe and three times more Zn and Cu than wheat flour. Although these remarkable nutritional parameters were consistent across locations, the Buenavista site plants showed the highest nutritional values. These results indicate that sotol seeds have a good potential as food and feed for humans, cattle and poultry.
‘ANPELON’ (Reg. No. 2640‐TCL‐014‐010313, Mexico; Reg. No. CV‐32, PI 669388) winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) was selected from the heterogeneous population URSS 3310, sent to Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN) by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, and registered and released as a forage cultivar in Mexico by the UAAAN and the National Seed Inspection and Certification Service (SNICS) in 2012. ANPELON was released because of its biomass production, regrowth capacity, awnless spikes, and nutritive value. The primary selection was based on agronomic characteristics and resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn) and leaf rust (caused by P. recondita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici) and subsequently, on forage and nutritional characteristics. The reference cultivar was ‘TCLF‐AN‐31’ winter triticale (Reg. No. CV‐25, PI 620762), released as a forage cultivar by the UAAAN in 1992 (Reg. No. TCL‐07‐080592, Mexico).
El cártamo y los cereales como alternativas a la avena permiten incrementar el potencial forrajero en siembras tardías de otoño-invierno. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el potencial forrajero y el valor nutritivo de cereales y cártamos con y sin espinas con los observados en avena en siembras tardías de otoño-invierno. El estudio se realizó en los ciclos otoño-invierno de 2017-2018 y 2018-2019 en Matamoros, Coahuila, México. Se evaluaron cultivares de avena, cebada, trigo, triticale y cártamos con y sin espinas. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completo al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se determinó el valor nutritivo del forraje y los rendimientos de nutrientes. La cebada y el trigo aumentaron el potencial forrajero con la incidencia o no de enfermedades foliares en avena. Los incrementos fueron en producción de materia seca (MS) (26.3 a 39.0 %), proteína cruda (34.8 %), energía neta para lactancia (34.2 %) y MS digestible (29.4 a 34.8 %). Las especies triticale, trigo, cebada y cártamo también fueron buenas alternativas, pero sólo cuando los rendimientos de forraje en avena fueron reducidos por enfermedades foliares. El potencial forrajero puede incrementarse con especies alternativas a la avena en siembras tardías de otoño-invierno.
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