Background: Enteric fever is endemic in Ahmedabad and its diagnosis and treatment is fraught with problems. The last two decades have seen a change in clinical pattern of enteric fever with emergence of multi drug resistant strains. Hence, the study was carried out with the aims to study the clinical profile, hematological features, sensitivity pattern, response to antimicrobials and outcome of culture proven enteric fever.Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital at Ahmedabad, India from January 2014 to December 2016.Results: Out of the 185 study patients, 35.8 % were less than 5 years of age. Of the total 185 isolates, 160 (86.4%) were Salmonella typhi while 25 (13.6%) were Salmonella paratyphi A. Following sensitivity patterns were recorded: cotrimoxazole (93%), chloramphenicol (93%), ampicillin (96.2%), nalidixic acid (98.4%), cephalosporins (100%) and azithromycin (70.8%). Leukocytosis was seen in significant number of patients less than 5 years of age as compared to more than 5 years. 91.9% patients were treated by ceftriaxone as a monotherapy with defervescence time of 3.8 days and no mortality.Conclusions: Effective vaccination strategy targeting children less than 5 years can decrease the burden of this disease. Presence of fever without focus and leukocytosis in less than 5 years suggests possibility of enteric fever. Salmonella have once again become sensitive to first line antibiotics like ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol. There is a good rate of sensitivity to nalidixic acid but high rate of resistance against azithromycin in this part of the country. Ceftriaxone as a monotherapy is quite effective in the treatment.

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Background: Hypothyroidism is a significant possibility factor for cardiovascular diseases. And autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the prominent reason of hypothyroidism. Recent studies exhibited that even AIT patients with euthyroidism still had an increased number of premature atherosclerotic lesions. However, the specific procedure is not yet established. This study aimed to investigate the relation of thyroid status and obesity risk factors in geriatric individuals. Methods: The present study was carried out at a tertiary care centre in Ahmedabad. A total of 1000 geriatric individuals (aged more than 60 years) were included, which were randomly selected from the O.P.D. and indoor patients. Results: The geriatric patients were found to have significantly lower FT3 and FT4 levels with higher TSH and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti TPO) levels. Obesity was found to have a positive correlation with TSH and Anti TPO levels. Regression analysis also demonstrated that the Anti TPO level was one of the influencing factors for Obesity and Cholesterol. Conclusion: The Anti TPO level is positively associated with Obesity.

Background: India is facing a grave challenge of having very high rates of child under-nutrition and a high infant and child mortality, which demands an urgent need for comprehensive multi-pronged evidence based strategy to tackle the situation. Breastfeeding offers the ultimate food during the first 6 months of life. Complementary feeding starts when breast milk is no longer sufficient by itself, the target age is between 6-24 months. Complementary feeding plays critical role in bridging these gaps between nutritional requirements and growth and development of child with increasing age. Complementary feeding strategies encompass a wide variety of interventions designed to improve not only the quality and quantity of these foods but also improve the feeding behaviors. In this review we analyzed knowledge and attitude of mother regarding feeding practices among children of 6 months to 2 years of age who had visited tertiary care centre.Methods: Personal interview of mothers having a child in the age group of 6 months to 2 years of age in the duration of October 2017 to March 2018 visiting pediatric department at a tertiary care centre and willing to give information are included in the sample. The Questions regarding socio demographic profile, various occupations, type of feeding practiced, knowledge regarding feeding and complimentary feeding were included in Performa. Data was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Almost 8 out of 10 mothers were literate in the study (77.80%). About 75% mothers didn’t know the correct type of complimentary feeding to initiate for their babies. Knowledge about correct time of starting complimentary feeding was more commonly found in housewife mothers than the working mothers and findings was supported by statistical significance. Mothers with >=2 children were using correct type of food for complementary feeding more commonly that with mothers having single child.Conclusions: The present study highlighting knowledge gap and practice gap in mothers about complimentary feedings. Appropriate complementary feeding education emphasizing timely initiation and meal diversity is necessary to improve knowledge and feeding practices of mothers whether mother is educated or uneducated.