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Injunctive safety norms (ISNs) refer to perceptions of others' expectations of one's safety-related conduct. Drawing on a sample of Canadian young workers (n=11,986;M age=17.90years; 55% males), we study the relationships among four sources of non-work-related (i.e., parents, siblings, friends, teachers), two sources of work-related (i.e., supervisors, co-workers) ISNs, young workers' self-reported work-related risk-taking behaviors, and workplace injuries. Structural equation modeling suggests that ISNs from parents, supervisors, and co-workers were related to less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors, and with fewer workplace injuries via less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors. In addition, ISNs from supervisors were directly associated with fewer workplace injuries. In contrast, ISNs from teachers and siblings were not associated with work-related risk-taking behaviors, but ISNs from siblings were associated with fewer work injuries. Finally, ISNs from friends were associated with more frequent work-related risk-taking and more frequent work injuries via more frequent work-related risk-taking. This study draws attention to the relative roles of non-work sources of social influence and provides some evidence of how ISNs might be related to young workers' work-related risk-taking behaviors and their workplace injuries. It also contributes to practice by suggesting specific interventions that parents, supervisors, and co-workers could undertake to reduce young workers' work-related risk-taking and workplace injuries, namely encouraging youth to be safe at work.

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Background Adolescence is a developmental period marked by a rise in risk-taking, injury and mortality rates. Mortality rates increase by 200% during this developmental period. This rise has been related to adolescents' increased involvement in maladaptive risk-taking (eg, risky driving). Research highlights the importance of teenagers' parents in the risk decisions they make. Aims/Objectives/Purpose In order to deepen the understanding of parental influence on risk-taking, Parachute, sponsored by State Farm Insurance, conducted an in-depth study and has begun developing parent programming. Methods An extensive literature review revealed that parents have more influence than they may be aware of. A Canada-wide survey was conducted on 300 parents (76 males, 224 females) and their 300 teenagers (150 males, 148 females) to test the theories emerging from the literature review. Parent and child responses to these surveys were compared using paired-samples t tests and regression analyses. Results/Outcome Analyses demonstrated significant relationships between parental variables and levels of parental influence. In fact, regression analyses revealed that a child's perception of their parent's risk-taking behaviours significantly predicted 30% of the variability in their risk-taking frequencies. Significance/Contribution to the Field Overall, it was found that Canadian parents have a great deal of influence over their children's risk-taking, through their behaviours and home environments. These results support the need to work with parents around their influence over their teens' behaviours. Parachute has begun developing parent programming to engage and empower parents around becoming the most positive influence possible, aiding in the long-term reduction of injuries and deaths.

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