Ultra precision and micro machining processes become more and more important. This can be led back to the development of functionalized surfaces and parts and the mass production of smaller products e.g. lenses for personal devices. With increasing application and distribution, the importance of sustainability in these processes also increases. In this paper, an overview of ultra precision and micro machining in a system approach is given and the most decisive input parameters are elaborated. Included are general findings and current issues of process design with regard to the economic, environmental and social dimension of sustainability. Finally, it is discussed how the sustainability of ultra precision and micro machining can be increased and for which class of products certain strategies are recommended.
A highly ordered array of T7 bacteriophages
was created by the
electrophoretic capture of phages onto a nanostructured array with
wells that accommodated the phages. Electrophoresis of bacteriophages
was achieved by applying a positive potential on an indium tin oxide
electrode at the bottom of the nanowells. Nanoscale arrays of phages
with different surface densities were obtained by changing the electric
field applied to the bottom of the nanowells. The applied voltage
was shown to be the critical factor in generating a well-ordered phage
array. The number of wells occupied by a phage, and hence the concentration
of phages in a sample solution, could be quantified by using a DNA
intercalating dye that rapidly stains the T7 phage. The fluorescence
signal was enhanced by the intrinsic photonic effect made available
by the geometry of the platform. It was shown that the quantification
of phages on the array was 6 orders of magnitude better than could
be obtained with a fluorescent plate reader. The device opens up the
possibility that phages can be detected directly without enrichment
or culturing, and by detecting phages that specifically infect bacteria
of interest, rapid pathogen detection becomes possible.
The evaluation of multi-scale surface roughness parameters (SRPs) is important to solve many engineering problems (e.g. contact stress, sealing, friction) and is closely related to further fundamental problems (e.g. microbial contamination). Traditionally, surface roughness has been used as a standard for indicating process performance, such as tool wear, tool vibration etc. This paper also aims to find appropriate surface roughness parameters (SRPs) that can be used as process monitoring indices. Grade 304 stainless steel surfaces, generated by extrusion and grinding processes, were used in this study. The evaluation of different SRPs and their topography properties (such as fractal dimension) is discussed for extruded and ground surfaces.One problem with existing surface metrology is the availability of a multitude of disconnected roughness parameters. A statistical approach is presented in this paper that allows the most appropriate roughness parameters to monitor whether the intended surface quality converges to be found.
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