Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) technology has significantly increased the potential of remote healthcare monitoring systems. The devices used for WBAN have limited energy resources. For most devices it is impossible to recharge or change the batteries. Since the data mostly consists of medical information, high reliability and low delay is required. The main objective of this simulation study is to evaluate the performance of routing protocol on static IEEE 802.15.4 to determine the most suitable routing protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks. Here, investigations on the various routing protocol suggest cluster topology and AODV as the probable candidate. About 16% improvement in the energy consumption was observed when modifications were made considering the energy and mobility, thus achieving high residual battery capacity and eliminating the need for recharging the batteries.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of sensor nodes that are limited in terms of energy, size, processing speed and memory. Routing in WSN demands quick and large data transfer uninterruptedly. Due to the dynamic nature of WSN, better bandwidth utilization and routing stability are essential. Depending on the network structure appropriate routing protocol is required. IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLN's (RPL) is a proactive routing protocol for Low power Lossy Networks (LLN's). Mobility, topology control and effective resource managements are still hard challenges for researchers. This paper provides an overview of recent advancements in RPL protocol that support mobility. Also, in addition to mobility, the bandwidth utilization and topology control are also highlighted. Finally, a comparative analysis for various protocols is presented.
Serial Peripheral Interface or SPI is a synchronous serial communication protocol that provides full – duplex communication at very high speeds. It is a master – slave type protocol that provides a simple and low-cost interface between a microcontroller and its peripherals. This paper proposes the design of a priority-based master slave communication system using SPI Protocol that enables the system to operate using interrupts. The design mainly emphasizes on priority-based communication where the slaves will generate an interrupt over a newly defined interrupt pin when some data transfer needs to happen. When the master receives an interrupt from the slave it establishes communication with one slave at a time based on the priority and the priority to each slave is assigned by the arbiter or priority control block. The highest priority slave is served first. Shift register is used to store and transfer the data bit by bit and it resets every time a data transfer is complete. The design proposed here can be implemented in different applications which involve the peripherals that can support SPI protocol for communication such as LCDs, Analog to Digital Converter, Digital to Analog Converter, Memory Cards, Temperature Sensor, Pressure Sensor. In this work, a single master multi slave architecture is considered. The design given in this paper can be scaled up to support more than four slaves.
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) sensor nodes with similar readings can be grouped such that, it is enough to report a single reading from the entire group. A representative node is selected from each cluster to do the reporting job. This helps to increase the battery life of sensor nodes. However, efficiently identifying sensor groups and their representative nodes is a challenging task. In this paper, a distributed algorithm is proposed to determine a set of representative nodes which exploits the tradeoff between data quality and energy consumption. In this paper, we group the sensor nodes based on their inherent spatial and data correlation in WSN. The proposed clustering algorithm is applied for uniform and random topology of sensor network. The results based on different metrics such as average number of clusters formed, energy consumption and average variation in cluster size are compared for both topologies.
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