The Computer Communications and Networks series is a range of textbooks, monographs and handbooks. It sets out to provide students, researchers and non-specialists alike with a sure grounding in current knowledge, together with comprehensible access to the latest developments in computer communications and networking.Emphasis is placed on clear and explanatory styles that support a tutorial approach, so that even the most complex of topics is presented in a lucid and intelligible manner. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) PrefaceIn its Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology declares that a twenty-first-century clean energy economy demands a twenty-first-century electric grid.1 The start of the twenty-first century marked the acceleration of the Smart Grid evolution. The goals of this evolution are broad, including the promotion of widespread and distributed deployment of renewable energy sources, increased energy efficiency, peak power reduction, automated demand response, improved reliability, lower energy delivery costs, and consumer participation in energy management. This evolution will touch each and every aspect of the electric power grid, a system that has changed l...
In this paper, quality of service (QoS) requirements of smart grid and other utility applications carried over an integrated Internet Protocol (IP) network are analyzed. The delay allowances for the traffic flows may vary from 8 to 10 ms for teleprotection applications to up to one second or more for interval measurements from smart meters. Networking product and service implementation and practices for network quality of service will need to support the large variation in delay and priority requirements of these applications. The paper offers four main contributions: 1) A survey of QoS requirements for smart grid applications; 2) a proposal for active use of extended differentiated services code points (DSCPs) beyond those used for traffic classification in typical networks, services, and product implementations; 3) an analysis of using the strict priority queue to support multiple mission critical and other high priority applications; and 4) a special discussion on support for traffic generated by the teleprotection application and for its QoS requirements. © 2011 Alcatel-Lucent. implemented for actual classification of traffic. We then analyze overloading the strict priority queue with several mission critical applications with very low delay requirements. We show that to support the low delay requirements of smart grid mission critical applications when a strict priority queuing discipline is applied, it is necessary to provision large bandwidths at network aggregation points such as at a substation router. This requirement is validated with simulation results. Finally, we present the conclusions from our study.
In this paper, we outline the Grid 2.0 Research, a collaborative Smart Grid research program between Gachon Energy Research Institute (GERI) of Kyungwon University and Bell Labs of Alcatel-Lucent. Salient features of the Grid 2.0 Research are the active role of distributed fixed and mobile energy storage, distributed renewable energy sources, and active load-side participation. Our focus is not on the energy storage itself but rather on the supporting infrastructure including communication network, security, and economics of the Smart Grid. Grid 2.0 Research views the Smart Grid as an ecosystem.In this regard, we pay close attention to the components and systems which require significant fundamental advancement or systems which do not exist today, thus requiring innovative solutions or greater sophistication. In order to realize a functioning ecosystem, critical components and tools of the envisioned Smart Grid are identified. This research work has been motivated by the Smart Grid roadmap of KEPCO and the Jeju Island Smart Grid Test-bed of Korea which will be discussed following the introduction section. Areas of research focus will be explained in a concise manner in the subsequent sections.
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