At the time of root development, trauma or caries results in tooth with immature and open root apices. The single most important factor that affects the success of endodontics is achievement of perfect apical seal. Apexification is done to achieve an apical barrier against which the obturating material can be condensed. Nowadays due to new advancements in materials and methods, single-visit apexification as compared with long and multiple visits (calcium hydroxide apexification) has gained popularity. With the new bioceramic materials like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, perfect seal can be achieved much more easily and effectively. Various treatment modalities are present to treat immature open root apices. Retrograde root end filling by surgical intervention provides faster healing of the associated lesions. Both MTA and Biodentine promise to be quite reliable retrograde filling materials. In the following case reports, apexification using different treatment modalitiesnewer biomaterials-is explained.
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