In this paper, we describe a simple method for automatic detection of melanin spots in Atlantic salmon fillets. Melanin spots are visible dark spots that reduce the quality grade of the fillets. Atlantic salmon processing lines have several operations that involve manual quality evaluation of fillets. One such operation is the inspection of fillets to detect melanin spots. This inspection is labor intensive, and therefore desirable to automate. Two simple computer vision algorithms for melanin spot detection are presented. One algorithm operates on the red channel of RGB images and the second algorithm uses linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on all three RGB channels. A comparison between these two algorithms shows that, for most detection rates, using LDA gives a lower number of false-detections per fillet. We show that the melanin spot detection task can potentially be automated using computer vision.
The Nivkh language family of Sakhalin Island and the adjacent mainland in Northeast Asia is generally considered to be without known external relatives, and since its internal diversity is relatively shallowleading some authors to treat it as a single 'language' divisible only into 'dialect'-level varieties-comparative linguistics internal to the family has been neglected. The internal diversity of Nivkh is not, however, as trivial as has been portrayed, and involves at least two (Gruzdeva, 1998) and possibly three (Fortescue, 2016) mutually unintelligible varieties, indicating fertile ground for the application of the Standard Comparative Method within the family. Following up on our previous work (Halm, 2017), in which we examined the synchronic sound correspondences and diachronic sound changes pertaining to vocoid sequences, in the present paper we adduce and examine other sound correspondences and attempt to define their underlying diachronic developments. Our clearest findings include: Proto-Nivkh (PN) /*a/ > Amur Nivkh (AN), West
Following up on recent work, we consider morpheme-final nasals in the Nivkh language family of northeast Asia using the Standard Comparative Method, and attempt to reconstruct the inventory and morphophonemic behavior of morpheme-final nasal phonemes in Proto-Nivkh (PN). Previous work has pointed towards PN nasals at four loci, /*m/, /*n/, /*ɲ/, /*ŋ/, of which at least /*ŋ/ could be phonemically either "strong", triggering fricatives to surface across morpheme juncture, or "weak", triggering plosives to surface; with weak /*ŋ/ place-assimilating to following plosives across morpheme juncture, and weak /*n/ and weak /*ŋ/ elided in the Amur and West Sakhalin lects. However, with the benefit of more and better data than were available to previous authors, we find instead that elision must have been conditioned by a feature other than the strong-weak contrast (provisionally, length), but which interacted with the strong-weak contrast ("short" strong nasals were inextant), and that this "length" contrast also conditioned assimilation or non-assimilation of final /*ŋ/ (only "short" weak /*ŋ/ assimilated, not "long" weak /*ŋ/). We confirm that the strong-weak morphophonemic contrast existed for at least /*m/, /*ɲ/, and /*ŋ/ (rather than only for /*ŋ/), and the "length" contrast for /*n/ as well as /*ŋ/.
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