Abstract. Over the last 50 years, fault location in transmission systems has been a subject of interest to utility engineers and researchers. Nevertheless, it has not been until the last decades that fault location in distribution networks has started to gain prominence.Traditionally, fault location techniques for distribution networks have been classified in three different groups: fundamental frequency measurements, high frequency measurements and the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Yet despite this rigid classification, a new approach has started to be developed over the last years based on the injection of a discernible signal into the distribution systems, mainly in non-effectively grounded networks. However, even when recent developments of new grounding systems reinforce the possibility of using this kind of techniques, these are not usually cited by general reviews and overviews of fault location systems in distribution networks. Accordingly, this paper aims to provide a general but clear overview on the existing techniques for fault location in distribution networks based on signal injection. Apart from describing the different options presented to date, the most important aspects that characterize them and the injected signal are briefly outlined, as well as a comparative performance analysis.
This article presents an integrated storage management strategy with photovoltaic systems connected to the grid, to provide voltage regulation and losses reduction in the low voltage feeder, minimising the power supplied by the network upstream of the main transformer. A new control algorithm for battery energy storage systems (BESS) is presented embedding as a battery management algorithm for charging and discharging process. The charging of the storage system is defined by the optimization of the α k coefficient to establish the value of charging threshold power, in a distributed manner, to maximise the use of photovoltaic systems. The discharging process occurs by a given σ coefficient. A standard network model from CIGRE was used for the validation of the management strategy. It was modified with real profiles of load and irradiance with a minute resolution to adapt it to the using of the quasi-static load flow in MATLAB/Simulink. As a result, by integrating 67% of PV along with 442 kWh of BESS with its management algorithm, power import from the grid decreases up to 49.3%. Keywords-Battery management systems, energy storage, photovoltaic systems, power generation dispatch Highlights 1. The demand is evaluated by the trigonometric interpolation method. 2. A suitable control strategy optimised the BESS charging/discharging process. 3. Users depend strongly on the network reactive power. 4. Voltage and losses magnitude improve by PV+BESS penetration level.
Abstract.Nowadays there is a great interest for the use of microturbines as sources of distributed generation, particularly in areas where demand is both electricity and heat. In these areas microturbines reach very high efficiency rates.Microturbines can operate both stand-alone and grid connected. The second one of the mentioned possibilities is which deserves a much deeper study, to analyse the interaction of the microturbine with the distribution network it is connected to.In this paper a dynamic model of a microturbine is developed with Matlab/Simulink/Simpowersystems. The model has been included within a low voltage network model and several dynamic simulations have been performed to study the response to step changes in the power control references. Also, the performance of the microturbine to faults in the network has been analysed.
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