The main objective of this research was to evaluate the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in estimating the aboveground biomass and carbon, and the dasometric characteristics at three different spacings (2.5 m × 1.0 m, 2.5 m × 2.0 m and 2.5 m × 3.0 m) in a silvopastoral system (SPS) for the biomass production of Tectona grandis. A total of 90 trees were sampled, 63 of which were used to perform a dasometric evaluation (vertical and horizontal) in a spacing test in an SPS, and the rest to evaluate the use of UAVs in estimating the aboveground biomass in the spacing test. The results showed significant differences in average diameter at breast height (dbh) between spacings, and in aboveground biomass per tree. The amount of aboveground biomass and carbon per hectare increases at smaller spacings, but the differences were not statistically significant. A logarithmic model was prepared to estimate the dbh based on the crown diameter from the data collected taken in the field, since estimating this variable by means of UAVs is difficult. Significant differences were found in the aboveground biomass estimated using the field data compared to UAV data. The estimation of the crown diameter of the selected trees, hindered by the canopy closure in the SPS, was not adequate, which could influence the amount of aboveground biomass estimated using UAV data.
El uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANTs) en el monitoreo de plantaciones forestales permite obtener información precisa sobre distintos atributos de los árboles. Este trabajo presenta una revisión crítica del uso potencial de los VANTs para el monitoreo del estado nutricional y fitosanitario de plantaciones forestales. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las plataformas Google Scholar, Scopus y Science Direct, utilizando palabras claves como estrés, nutrición y forestería. Se encontraron estudios principalmente en el género Pinus y en el continente asiático, que utilizan drones de ala fija y rotatoria para el monitoreo de plagas y enfermedades. Las experiencias en el monitoreo de deficiencias nutricionales son pocas. El uso futuro de VANTs para el monitoreo de estreses en cultivos forestales parece ir dirigido a la automatización en la toma de datos y a combinación de estos con algoritmos de inteligencia artificial.
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