We analyzed seventy barley accessions from Ecuador to determine the content of mixed-linkage β-glucan in seeds. Twelve of these materials showed a higher content than the population average 2.10% (w/w), and they were chosen to determine the relationship among β-glucan, viscosity and dietary fiber as well as the effect of scarification, cooking, roasting and malting on its content. In the 12 accessions, the content of β-glucan showed a high degree of correlation (r=0.86) with soluble dietary fiber but a low correlation with viscosity (r=-0.17). In most accessions, β-glucan increased in roasted or scarified grains. The roasting process increased the content by 35.51% (w/w) and scarification by 26.53% (w/w). Cooking decreased content by 39.92% and malting by 77.90%. The megazyme kit was used to determine the content of (1→3) (1→4)-β-D-glucan (Mixed-linkage). Results of this study show that Ecuadorian barley genotypes with a β-glucan content greater than 2.1% are suitable for human consumption and those with a lower value than 2.1% are suitable for the beer industry.
El trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) es uno de los cereales más utilizados por las familias ecuatorianas, con una producción nacional del 1% de la demanda. El Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias – INIAP, tiene como objetivo generar germoplasma de alto rendimiento y calidad industrial. En el año 2020 en la Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, en parcelas de 3.6 m2 se evaluaron en campo 580 líneas de trigo seleccionadas durante el 2019 de introducciones provenientes del CIMMYT y de cruzas locales. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las líneas introducidas alcanzaron un incremento en el rendimiento del 6% en comparación a los testigos mejorados (7,14 t ha-1), entre tanto que, las líneas de cruzas nacionales obtuvieron un incremento del 13,3%. Para la calidad de grano, peso hectolítrico, se observó que las líneas introducidas presentan menores valores de calidad (71,05 kg hl-1) en comparación con los testigos (71,87 kg hl-1); mientras que las líneas de cruzas nacionales presentaron un incremento del 2,4%. Denotando, que los programas de mejoramiento pueden obtener germoplasma con mejores características al realizar sus propios cruzamientos empleando materiales locales y mejor adaptados.
Maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm from the Ecuadorian Higlands has low tolerance to inbreeding especially in starchy cultivars. To create competitive varieties at the commercial level it is necessary to identify outstanding progenitor lines by early testing. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the yield potential of S1 lines of black corn by early testing. The experiment was conducted at the “Tunshi” Experiment Station, Licto parish, Chimborazo province, Ecuador using a complete random block design with four replications. Twenty-four treatments were evaluated, each consisting of an S1 line of black corn. Agronomic traits were registered and the percentage of inbreeding depression was calculated. The lines presented statistical differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the variables days to male and female flowering, plant height, ear height, leaf disease, ear length, weight of 100 kernels and grain yield. All the variables showed inbreeding depression, except days to male flowering, which presented a low increase. Lines 16, 15 and 22 were the most productive with yields of 2.00; 2.08 and 1.95 t ha-1 respectively. These results allow to select lines with less depressive effects on yield produced by inbreeding, and to continue with the improvement processes of black maize.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is produced in the Ecuadorian highlands ( > 3,000 m a.s.l.) primarily for self-consumption and small-scale commercialization. Not many crop species are adapted to this altitude; therefore, barley is one of a few crop species that can be grown at these locations. Severe environmental conditions can be found in the Ecuadorian highlands since the region is characterized by poor soils and water deficiency (< 300 mm yr-1). The Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) has developed 'INIAP-Palmira 2014', a hulled two-row barley variety adapted to Ecuadorian agricultural conditions in the highlands. 'INIAP-Palmira 2014' showed acceptable yield performance as compared with the most popular improved barley cultivars in different production areas located in Ecuador. However, this new barley variety showed superior performance under water stress conditions in the highlands highlands (>3,000 m a.s.l.). Additionally, 'INIAP-Palmira 2014' showed disease resistance, mainly to yellow rust, in all of the locations where the new variety was evaluated.
La investigación planteó desarrollar una tecnología adecuada para el manejo de la fertilización nitrogenada complementaria en cebada cervecera mediante un estudio de absorción de nitrógeno. Esta investigación se desarrolló en la provincia de Imbabura, Los métodos usados fueron los experimentos se establecieron en la Hcda. Cobuendo (2340 msnm) ubicada en el cantón Antonio Ante y en la Hcda. Pisangacho (2700 msnm) situada en el cantón Urcuquí. Como resultado se obtuvo que el estudio de absorción de nitrógeno realizado en la localidad de Cobuendo, permitió mostrar que la acumulación de nitrógeno en la biomasa aérea total en función del tiempo, presentó una tendencia sigmoidea típica. La acumulación de nitrógeno en la biomasa aérea total se ajustó a una regresión logística normal.
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