The findings support SCT to be a construct with two dimensions that have unique correlates relative to each other as well as ADHD-IN. Future research on SCT should separate these dimensions of SCT to provide a better understanding of the construct.

The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led the authorities to establish compulsory confinement for most of the Spanish population from March to May 2020. Severe isolation combined with the uncertainty and fear associated with the public health crisis can have a psychological impact on the general population. The aim of the current study was to compare possible gender differences in mental health and psychological measures throughout the confinement. One hundred and sixty-four Spanish participants (75% female; Mage = 39.8; SD = 13.5) completed the surveys at the beginning, middle, and end of the forced confinement. The psychological variables were associated with depressive, anxiety, stress, and intrusive/avoidance symptoms, as well as a total score for overall mental health, and a positive/negative affect measure. The results showed that although females had significantly higher scores than males in almost all measures at the beginning of the confinement, the gender differences were quickly vanishing away over time. In fact, intra-group analysis showed that while the female group significantly improved their results on most psychological measures, the male group improved on only one single measure. In summary, the results showed that although the female group started the confinement with higher levels of negative emotions (particularly symptoms of stress and avoidance) than the male group, these differences were significantly reduced in the first few weeks due to the overall improvement in the results of the female group.

ResumenEl presente estudio explora si se puede obtener un perfil cognitivo específico para niños/as con TDAH a partir de la Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Niños Cuarta Edición (WISC-IV), y si ese perfil es capaz de diferenciar entre los subtipos clínicos de TDAH. Se seleccionó un grupo de control de 47 niños/as y otro grupo clínico de 86 niños/as diagnosticados/as con TDAH, éste último dividido a su vez en dos subgrupos de acuerdo a sus características clínicas. El grupo clínico se caracterizó por una puntuación ICG>ICC respecto al grupo de control. Los subgrupos clínicos no obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente diferentes en ninguno de los índices, pero sí lo hicieron respecto a la distancia entre el Índice de Memoria de Trabajo y el Índice de Velocidad de Procesamiento. Para el subgrupo TDAH predominantemente inatento esta distancia fue positiva, mientras que para el subgrupo TDAH-combinado fue negativa. Estos resultados aportan evidencia empírica a la hipótesis de la existencia de un perfil cognitivo específico del TDAH, con potencial para discriminar entre subtipos clínicos de TDAH.Palabras clave: TDAH, WISC-IV, patrón cognitivo específico, memoria de trabajo y velocidad de procesamiento. AbstractThis study explores whether a specific cognitive profile for children with ADHD can be obtained through the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and whether this profile is capable of differentiating between ADHD clinical subtypes. A control group of 47 children was selected, together with a clinical group of 86 children diagnosed with ADHD and divided into 2 subgroups, according to their clinical characteristics. The clinical group was characterized by a GAI > CPI with respect to the control group. The clinical subgroups did not score significantly lower in any index, but they did in the difference between the working memory index and the processing speed index. For those diagnosed with inattentive ADHD, this distance was positive; for those diagnosed with ADHD combined group, it was negative. These findings contribute empirical evidence to the hypothesis that there is a characteristic ADHD cognitive profile, with a potential ability of differentiating between ADHD clinical subtypes.

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly comorbid in adulthood. This meta-analysis was aimed at ascertaining the efficacy of different psychotherapies in improving comorbid internalizing symptoms in adults with ADHD. Method: Twenty randomized controlled trials and 12 uncontrolled pretest–posttest studies were included and combined using the inverse variance method. Risk of bias and heterogeneity assessment and moderator analyses were performed. Results: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) improved quality of life (QoL), emotional dysregulation (ED), depression, and anxiety symptoms, particularly at follow-up, which was predicted by core symptoms reduction. A significant between-group effect was obtained only on QoL, ED, and self-esteem for dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), mindfulness-based therapies (MBTs), and neurofeedback, respectively. Conclusion: Results support CBT efficacy for treating comorbid internalizing symptoms. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of DBT, MBT, and neurofeedback. The small number of studies evaluating some therapies and the high risk of bias observed might limit these results.