The training of high-dimensional regression models on comparably sparse data is an important yet complicated topic, especially when there are many more model parameters than observations in the data. From a Bayesian perspective, inference in such cases can be achieved with the help of shrinkage prior distributions, at least for generalized linear models. However, real-world data usually possess multilevel structures, such as repeated measurements or natural groupings of individuals, which existing shrinkage priors are not built to deal with.We generalize and extend one of these priors, the R2-D2 prior by Zhang et al. (2020), to linear multilevel models leading to what we call the R2-D2-M2 prior. The proposed prior enables both local and global shrinkage of the model parameters. It comes with interpretable hyperparameters, which we show to be intrinsically related to vital properties of the prior, such as rates of concentration around the origin, tail behavior, and amount of shrinkage the prior exerts.We offer guidelines on how to select the prior's hyperparameters by deriving shrinkage factors and measuring the effective number of non-zero model coefficients. Hence, the user can readily evaluate and interpret the amount of shrinkage implied by a specific choice of hyperparameters.Finally, we perform extensive experiments on simulated and real data, showing that our prior is well calibrated, has desirable global and local regularization properties and enables the reliable and interpretable estimation of much more complex Bayesian multilevel models than was previously possible.
A marcha pelos direitos das pessoas com diversidade sexual é celebrada em várias cidades do mundo e da Colômbia não é uma exceção, pois realizou uma análise da marcha proposto na cidade de Bogotá a partir de etnografia em três cenários diferentes, como observador da viagem (2009), como um participante na marcha (2010) e, como parte da organização deste (2011), com a única finalidade de interpretar a construção eo reconhecimento dessas identidades dentro da cidade e como você está ratificada no palco do público, rua, carnaval de rua em que a sociedade integra diferentes identidades sexuais envolvendo, ação e visibilidade da resistência cultural produzida pelo movimento LGBTI com iniciativas individuais e de grupo transgridem espaços heteronormativas.
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