Purified condensed tannins (CT) extracted from the legume Calliandra calothyrsus (var. San Ramón CIAT 22310), harvested in the dry and the rainy season and cultivated with low or high level of fertilization were added to soybean meal in a ratio of 600 mg/g of the incubated crude protein (CP). Effects on degradation either in ruminal fluid only, or in ruminal fluid followed by incubation in HCl/pepsin, were evaluated using a modified two-step in vitro method. Season was found to have larger effects on in vitro ruminal and post-ruminal CP degradation than fertilization. Condensed tannins from the rainy season harvest reduced ruminal CP degradation less than that from the dry season harvest. They had also less negative effects on the degradability of rumen escape protein and enhanced the proportion of post-ruminally degraded CP more than CT from the dry season harvest. An increase in level of fertilization reduced ruminal CP degradation in CT from the rainy season plants but this was not associated with effects on post-ruminal degradation. The study demonstrated the importance of environmental factors for the efficiency of CT in modifying ruminal and post-ruminal CP degradation.
Arugula is a horticultural species that has provoked interest as a gourmet product, being the edible portions the fresh young leaves. The development of its production technology, the knowledge of its growth and development for tropical conditions are lacking. According to these aspects, the following objectives were proposed: establishment of the growth indices, the leaf area, the fresh and dry weight; determination of growth rates for both environments: relative growth rate, rate of crop growth, net assimilation rate, leaf area index; ascertainment of growth curves and the mathematical equations that best fit the relationship between growth rates and environmental conditions. 972 plants of Eruca sativa Mill. were placed under greenhouse and free exposure conditions, during two cultivation cycles, during the second term of 2006 at
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