Purpose: To find out the factors that is associated with stereopsis in patients with refractive accommodative esotropia. Material and Methods: Patients with refractive accommodative esotropia were checked. Age, sex, cycloplegic refractive error, angle of deviation, stereoacuity and fusional ability were evaluated. Patients were divided into good stereopsis (40-100arcsec) and poor stereopsis (>100 arcsec group) as well. Results: Total 30 patients with accommodative esotropia were included in this study. The mean age at presumed age of onset was 2.95±1.51 and mean age of the patient at final visit were 6.12±1.57.The frequency of male were 56.7% (n=17) and female were 43.3% (n=13).The initial mean cycloplegic refraction was 3.5±1.35 D. The mean initial uncorrected deviation at near fixation was 23.33±9.57 and was 20.83±8.71 at distant fixation. The mean of angle of deviation after treatment was 2.41±2.16 at distant fixation and was 2.14±1.22 at near fixation. The mean of fusional ability at final visit was 1.87±0.93 at near and 1.90±0.96 at distance. The mean stereopsis at final visit was 1.67±0.47. The independent-t test shows a significant association of refractive error (P-0.00) with stereopsis. T-test also shows a signification of angle of deviation after correction for both distant and near (P-value 0.003, 0.006 respectively). The uncorrected angle of deviation for both distant and near had no association (pvalue 0.53, 0.083 respectively). Chi-square test shows a highly significant association of fusional ability for both distant and near (p-value 0.001, 0.001 respectively) with final stereopsis. Conclusion: Error of refraction, deviation angle and fusional ability were associated with stereopsis in patients with refractive accommodativeesotropia. The age and gender had no association with stereopsis. The chi-square test shows a significant association of fusional ability with stereopsis. The independent-t test shows a significant association of angle of deviation and refractive error with stereopsis. Good stereopsis can be achieved with hyperopic mean error of less than or equal to 2D.
Purpose: Purpose of the study was: i. To determine the most prevalent type of hyperopia. ii. To determine the familial pattern in patients with hyperopia, including hereditary and genetic model. Methodology: A cross sectional convenient type study was conducted at Eye Department, Mayo hospital, Lahore Pakistan. It included selection of research type, target population, sample size, study design of survey, Perform and dummy tables, sampling method, research methodology, organizational issues, pilots study and work plan. The study was committed in the months of August, September and October 2013. All the sample size was screened for hyperopia. Performa and questionnaire was formed from data collection. Results: Out of total 100 hyperopic patients, 53(53%) were female while 47(47%) were male. 41(41%) were with the complaint of decreased vision, 13(13%) were with blurring, 1(1%) was with watering, 3% with itching, 6% with headache and 35% were with all these combined symptoms. All these patients were usingspectacles and none were using contact lenses. 82(82%) of these patients were using spectacles for the last 1 year, 16(16%) for the last 1-3 years and 2(2%) were using spectacles for the last 4-6 years. Out of total 100 hyperopic patients 89(89%) were having no ocular history, 10(10%) were having previous ocular history, while 1(1%) were unaware of their ocular history. 70(70%) out of 100 were having no family history of hyperopia, 2(2%) have father with hyperopia history, 9(9%) have history of hyperopia in mother, 11(11%) in their brothers and 8(8%) were having history of hyperopia in their sisters. Conclusion: This study showed that no strong family history is associated with hyperopia. Only 11% of patients had hyperopia in both parents, all exhibiting with the hyperopia and almost clear fundus shows small positive correlation between maternal hyperopia and hyperopia in their children indicating heritable hyperopia susceptibility.
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